Ponds form an important and integral part of our landscape. They naturally integrate the impacts of human activities in their watersheds. Great potential in the retention of nutrients, especially from printed, diffusion and small point sources is naturally hidden in ponds. [Potužák, Duras, 2014] Ponds have several important functions, not only retention one, but even to transform the quality of water, which flows throw the pond, it is mainly the ability of nutrients retention. [Potužák, Duras, 2012]. Nitrates are oppositely considered a unequivocally harmful substance, deteriorating water quality. We are afraid of devaluation of drinking water sources and eutrophication of the seas-wrongly-also eutrophication of our surface waters. During the campaign against nitrates we forgot that in our-mostly eutrophicated-waters, nitrates have a very important function. They are the redox buffer [Duras, 2006].
When growing wide-row crops on sloped lands, there is significant surface runoff. In relation to the runoff process, potatoes are classified as a risk crop. This study aimed to grow potatoes in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, where the protection zone of the water supply reservoir of Švihov is also located. At selected experimental areas, water samples were taken after precipitation events when surface runoff and water erosion occurred. These samples were analysed (nitrates, total P, and selected pesticides used for potato growing) in an accredited laboratory. We located three different variants of nitrogen fertilisation in each experimental area. Precipitation and the amount of water from surface runoff after each higher precipitation event were also measured in the experimental areas. By knowing the acreage of each experimental area, the volume of surface runoff water and the concentration of nitrates, phosphorus, and pesticides, it was possible to calculate the balance of these substances. We also calculated the percentage of surface runoff. The results imply that a new potato cultivator in the technology of stone windrowing should be designed for weed control as part of a weed control system with reduced herbicide application requirements. Innovative agrotechnical processes reducing pollution of water sources by phosphorus and nitrates should also be enhanced. These are based on a precise application of mineral fertiliser into the root area of plants within the period of an intensive intake of nutrients.
VÍTĚZ, T., ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, J., OPPELTOVÁ, P.: Evaluation of the effi ciency of selected wastewater treatment plant.
Aim of the study focused on evaluation of SUBSTOR – Potato model and its utilization in potato grows management in the Czech Republic. The experimental field used for the model evaluation was located in Žabčice – South Moravia region with altitudes of 179 meters above the sea level. Tuber yield served as reference for the model evaluation. Nine years experimental data set (1994–2002) was used for the model validation. Rosara cultivar represented very early growing potato, Karin cultivar depicted early growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the experiment. Comparison between observed and simulated tuber yields presented the evaluation process of SUBSTOR – Potato model. Tuber yields simulated by the model showed excellent accuracy (R2 = 0.97) for Rosara cultivar, but only for four of tested years (1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002). Karin cultivar matched lower value (R2 = 0.43). The model tended to underestimate the tuber yield for non seasonable conditions (i.e. dry years – low amount of precipitation and its disordered distribution during the growing season or higher mean air temperature) and showed the sensitivity to selected cultivars. Study proved SUBSTOR – Potato model as suitable for utilization in potato management; however, potential differences might be expected while using the model under extreme weather conditions.
Nature swimming pools are a sought-after alternative to conventional swimming pools. Their natural water purification system, without the need for chemicals, is beneficial to health and environmentally friendly. Designing such a nature swimming pool is a complex matter because it requires coordination of a number of effects, which can easily cause an imbalance in the entire system. This work uses the case study method to analyse the overall condition of three nature swimming pools in the South Moravian Region during the second half of the swimming pool operation season.
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