Case Study of Selected Nature Swimming Pools in the South Moravian Region

Poloprutská, Tereza; Nováček, Michal; Oppeltová, Petra

doi:10.2478/eko-2021-0033

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The water in nature swimming pools is not cleaned chemically. This difference has benefits in the form of a healthy bathing environment, which does not have any negative impact on human health because no chlorine is used [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the number of visitors on the quality of bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Bubalo

Šumelj²,

Herceg

et al. 2022

Holist. approach environ.

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This paper analyses the results of microbiological analyses of bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall during 2018 and 2019 and the impact of bathers on bathing water quality. The microbiological analysis of the samples was performed by the Federal Institute of Public Health in Mostar in accordance with the regulations of Directive 2006/7 EC for management of quality of bathing water. Faecal streptococci were determined using the membrane filtration method BAS EN ISO 7899-2:2003. Escherichia coli was determined using the membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial background flora BAS EN ISO 9308-1:2015. The quality of bathing water is assessed on the basis of parameters determined by the current Directive 2006/7/EC. The number of visitors does not have a significant impact on the quality of bathing water; the reason is that of the total number of visitors there is a small percentage of bathers. During the bathing seasons in 2018 and 2019, the bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall was of excellent quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the number of visitors on the quality of bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Bubalo

Šumelj²,

Herceg

et al. 2022

Holist. approach environ.

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“…To date, NSP-related literature remains very limited. Primarily from Europe, existing studies have explored aspects such as water quality and its public health risks (Bruns and Peppler 2018;Petterson et al 2021) and testing guidelines (Schets et al 2020), the effect of the hydraulic loading rate and vegetation on phytoremediation [e.g., elimination of nitrate (NO 3 ), ammonium (NH 4 ), biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand)] (Guardia-Puebla et al 2019), effectiveness of phosphorusreactive materials (Bus and Karczmarczyk 2015), microbial population characterization (Casanovas-Massana and Blanch 2013), overall condition assessments (Poloprutsk a et al 2021), and a living wall as a potential filter (Farb 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparing Vegetation and Substrate Performances on Nutrient Removal and Biomass Establishment Using a Natural Swimming Pool Experiment

Hoffman,

Berghage,

2023

hortte

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Natural swimming pools (NSPs) rely on the interaction of bog vegetation, bacteria, and substrate to maintain water quality. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels in NSPs are critical because of their involvement in eutrophication. We conducted a 15-week greenhouse study to address the significant literature gap regarding nutrient removal capabilities of substrates and vegetation in the low-nutrient environment of NSPs. We used mass balance analyses to compare the performances of four substrates [river gravel (control), recycled glass, expanded clay, expanded shale] and two plant species [blue flag iris (Iris versicolor) and lizard’s tail (Saururus cernuus)] under two flow conditions: free water surface and subsurface flow. At the end of the experiment, except for the recycled glass group, all other substrate groups reduced water nitrate (NO3) levels to less than 30 mg⋅L−1, the standard of the 2011 Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL) guidelines. However, only the expanded clay group closely approached the P standard (≤0.01 mg⋅L−1). Expanded clay and expanded shale demonstrated potential as substrates for NSP bogs. The final aboveground biomass dry weight was strongly negatively correlated with the final NO3 and P water concentrations. However, direct plant uptake proved insufficient to remove all nutrient inputs, especially for P. Except for the recycled glass group (34%), a significant portion of N (79%–90%) from total N added was removed by aboveground biomass. However, P uptake by biomass was substantially lower (18%–37%). With acceptable vigor and biomass accumulation, blue flag iris may be a suitable species for vegetated NSPs, whereas lizard’s tail is not because of uncertain establishment. Compared with controlling N, managing P for FLL standards in NSPs will be more challenging. Our work begins to fill the essential gap in the NSP literature regarding nutrient removal capabilities of substrates and vegetation. Future work should continue to study alternative substrates and plant species for P removal, particularly in field conditions and over longer periods.

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Case Study of Selected Nature Swimming Pools in the South Moravian Region

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of the number of visitors on the quality of bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Influence of the number of visitors on the quality of bathing water at the Kravica Waterfall (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Comparing Vegetation and Substrate Performances on Nutrient Removal and Biomass Establishment Using a Natural Swimming Pool Experiment

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