Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nanostructured surface created on β-titanium alloy, Ti-36Nb-6Ta, on the growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials & methods: The nanotubes, with average diameters 18, 36 and 46 nm, were prepared by anodic oxidation. Morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the nanotube layers were characterized. The biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of the nanostructured surfaces were established using various in vitro assays, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results: The nanotubes lowered elastic modulus close to that of bone, positively influenced cell adhesion, improved ALP activity, synthesis of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression, but diminished early cell proliferation. Conclusion: Nanostructured Ti-36Nb-6Ta with nanotube diameters 36 nm was the most promising material for bone implantation.
The titanium bioactivity could be increased by surface nanostructuring. Titanium alloys are using for dental implants manufacturing. It represents a specific problem because of using of the dental treatments with high concentration of fluoride ions and with acidic pH. The corrosion resistance of nanostructured surface of titanium beta alloy in environments with fluoride ions was examined by common electrochemical technique. The electrochemical impedance measurement showed high corrosion resistance in physiological solution. The fluoride ions have expected negative influence on corrosion behaviour of the layer. The nanotube bottom was preferentially attacked which resulted in layer undercoroding and its detachment.
The presented work was focused on the use of Ti6Al4V alloy with nanostructured surface and deposited silver nanoparticles as a material with antibacterial surface. Thanks to the electrochemically formed nanotubular oxide structure, a large area was available for silver deposition. Silver was photo-reduced from the silver nitrate solution. The ultrasonic treatment allowed the penetration of a silver source electrolyte into the whole depth of the tubes. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles with size from units of nanometers up to 15 nm. Nanosilver was present throughout the length of the nanotubes. Samples with photoreduced silver will be able to provide antibacterial activity not only in critical hours after implantation but also in the longer term due to the subsequent release of silver from the volume of nanotubes. The prolonged antibacterial effect has been demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus.
Titanium and its alloys are widely used materials in implantology due to their high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The bioactivity and the osseointegration of these surfaces could be enhanced by several processes. One of them is the formation of nanostructure by the combination of electrochemical and chemical reactions. The nanotubular oxidic structure has positive influence on the precipitation of hydroxyapatite from the body environment and on the cell proliferation. Directly created layer has amorphous character, but it is possible to transform it to crystalline form by heat treatment. This could have another positive influence on bioactivity. The influence of surfaces nanostructuring of commercially pure titanium and experimental beta alloy Ti-39Nb and their subsequent heat treatment on bioactivity will be presented in this work. This has been evaluated by Ca-P based compounds precipitation on the surface during the in vitro exposure in simulated body fluid. It was found that heat treatment has considerable influence on surface bioactivity.
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