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Fish being fed in circular cages a few weeks before slaughter. Note the top net support to prevent predation by birds WVelfare of farm~ed fish at slaughter PETER SOUTHGATE AND TONY WALL FISH farming in the UK has grown rapidly over the past 30 years. The combined production of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in 1999 was approximately 200,000 tonnes, compared to 30,000 tonnes in the early 1970s. In most instances, productivity and good carcase quality go hand in hand with high welfare standards and, certainly, the growth and consolidation of the fish farming industry has led to an increased awareness of the importance of good husbandry and management practices. This article describes the principal welfare considerations relating to farmed fish production, both in the period leading up to, and at the time of slaughter.

We have investigated the role of histamine in allergen and adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP)-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects by performing inhalation challenge tests with histamine, AMP and allergen after treatment with placebo or the potent H₁ histamine receptor antagonist, terfenadine. Single concentrations of each agonist which had previously been shown to produce a 30% fall in FEV₁ were used. After placebo, AMP and histamine both produced rapid bronchoconstriction reaching a maximum within 5 min and returning to within 10% of baseline after 25 min. Terfenadine inhibited this reaction to histamine completely and to AMP by 86%. The response to allergen was slower in onset and was sustained over 45 min and was inhibited 50% by terfenadine. We interpret these results as reflecting the contribution of histamine to the various airway challenges, both histamine and the newly generated mediators comprise the response to allergen, whereas AMP selectively enhances mast cell degranulation without affecting the production of arachidonic acid derived mediators.

Sporadic cases of a systemic protozoal infcetron with cells resembling Ocrmocystidiuni sp. arc described from cultured rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, from France und brown trout, Salmo trutta L.. and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., from Ireland. Classical proliferative kidney disease was additionally found in the rainbow trout and PKX-like cells were also seen in the brown trout and salmon.

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