Welfare of Fish During Transport

Southgate, Peter

doi:10.1002/9780470697610.ch11

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The export of ornamental fish from India mainly focuses on freshwater indigenous ornamental species (Ramachandran 2002). It is an inevitable part of modern aquaculture practices to stress the animals by containment, handling, sorting, transportation, periodic low oxygen or high ammonia, etc., and the associated post‐transport mortality (Donaldson 1981; Wendelaar Bonga 1997; Carneiro & Urbinati 2001; Pavlidis, Angellotti, Papandroulakis & Divanach 2003; Southgate 2008). The transport logistics involved inevitably stress the animals, causing post‐transport mortality, and exporters are expected to compensate customers for losses exceeding 5% death on arrival (DOA) industry standard (Lim, Dhert & Sorgeloos 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of MS-222 and benzocaine as anaesthetics under simulated transport conditions of a tropical ornamental fishPuntius filamentosus(Valenciennes)

Pramod

Ramachandran

Puthiyedathu

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Research

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There is a growing commercial interest in the ¢sh, Puntius ¢lamentosus, in the ornamental ¢sh trade in India and elsewhere. The trade is, however, hampered by severe mortalities during transport of the ¢sh owing to insu⁄cient data available on the use of anaesthetics. To resolve this problem, we evaluated the e⁄cacy of two anaesthetics, MS-222 and benzocaine, in sedating P. ¢lamentosus in simulated transportation experiments and used stress response parameters such as cortisol and blood glucose levels to perform assessments. We observed that MS-222 at 40 mg L À 1 and benzocaine at 20 mg L À 1 were su⁄cient to induce sedation for 48 h. Above these concentrations, both the anaesthetics adversely a¡ected the ¢sh and resulted in mortalities. Both anaesthetics signi¢cantly lowered the blood cortisol and glucose levels compared with the unsedated controls. Importantly, the anaesthetics treatment signi¢cantly lowered the post-transport mortality in the ¢sh. The results of the study show that MS-222 and benzocaine could be used as sedatives to alleviate transport-related stress in P. ¢lamentosus to improve their post-transport survival and hence reduce economic loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of MS-222 and benzocaine as anaesthetics under simulated transport conditions of a tropical ornamental fishPuntius filamentosus(Valenciennes)

Pramod

Ramachandran

Puthiyedathu

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Research

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“…In operations involving commercial salmon production facilities, it is not frequently necessary to sedate or anaesthetize, except for vaccination, but a complete production cycle involves grading, handling, transport and different disease or parasite treatments. All these procedures are potential stressors that can induce an unwanted stress reaction (Specker & Schreck 1980; Pickering 1993; Iversen et al 1998; Small 2004; Iversen & Eliassen 2005; Small & Chatakondi 2005; Southgate 2008). Sedation can therefore be useful to reduce or minimize stress to the fish and increase fish welfare (Ashley 2007; Southgate 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these procedures are potential stressors that can induce an unwanted stress reaction (Specker & Schreck 1980; Pickering 1993; Iversen et al 1998; Small 2004; Iversen & Eliassen 2005; Small & Chatakondi 2005; Southgate 2008). Sedation can therefore be useful to reduce or minimize stress to the fish and increase fish welfare (Ashley 2007; Southgate 2008). Clove oil is derived from the stem, leaves and buds of the Eugenia caryophyllata tree, and it is used throughout the world for applications ranging from food flavouring to local anaesthesia in dentistry profession (Anderson, Mckinley & Colavecchia 1997; Iversen, Finstad, McKinley & Eliassen 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential benefit of clove oil sedation on animal welfare during salmon smolt,Salmo salarL. transport and transfer to sea

Iversen¹,

Eliassen²,

Finstad³

2009

Aquaculture Research

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The purpose of this study was to determine the e¡ect of clove oil (4.0 mg L À 1 ) sedation, compared with nonsedation, on the primary (plasma cortisol), secondary (osmoregulation) and tertiary (mortality) stress responses in Atlantic salmon smolts during transport and transfer to sea. Clove oil sedation during on-and o¡-loading su⁄ciently reduced the primary stress response to lower mortality (2.1%) during transfer to sea compared with unsedated ¢sh, which experienced a mortality rate above 12.2%. The unsedated ¢sh experienced an acute mortality that stabilized only 6 days after the transport. None of the secondary stress responses measured in this experiment could contribute towards explaining this phenomenon, with the possible exception of plasma magnesium (Mg 21 ). Plasma Mg 21 di¡ered between the groups; while plasma Mg 21 in the clove oil sedated group returned to pre-stress levels 72 h after transport, the unsedated group showed no such recovery even 1 week after transport, which may indicate a disturbance in the hydromineral balance, and provides a plausible explanation for the delayed mortality in this group. Eugenol-based anaesthetics appear to be promising as a stress-reducing sedative for Atlantic salmon smolts, and, if used properly, this chemical could improve animal welfare and survivability during and after common aquaculture-related incidents. 233 Signi¢cant di¡erences were established at 0.05 levels.Results are given as means AE standard deviation (SD). Results Behavioural observationDuring on-loading and o¡-loading, the clove oilsedated ¢sh were calm and easy to load compared Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40, 233^241 Bene¢t of clove oil sedation on salmon smolt M Iversen et al.

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“…257 Like terrestrial animals, fishes are transported by road, sea, and even by air. Hereby, the "road transport of farmed fish[es] is usually carried out in multiple purpose-built [water] tanks on a road haulage vehicle", 258 while additional oxygen as well as compressed air should be provided inside the tanks during transport. 259 This is important especially in road transports as the animals are transported in closed systems without any water exchange on board.…”

Section: In the World And There Is Probably A Much Larger Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

The legal protection of farmed fish in Europe – analysing the range of EU legislation and the impact of international animal welfare standards for the fishes in European aquaculture

Giménez-Candela

Saraiva

Bauer³

2020

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Welfare of Fish During Transport

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Comparative efficacy of MS-222 and benzocaine as anaesthetics under simulated transport conditions of a tropical ornamental fishPuntius filamentosus(Valenciennes)

Comparative efficacy of MS-222 and benzocaine as anaesthetics under simulated transport conditions of a tropical ornamental fishPuntius filamentosus(Valenciennes)

Potential benefit of clove oil sedation on animal welfare during salmon smolt,Salmo salarL. transport and transfer to sea

The legal protection of farmed fish in Europe – analysing the range of EU legislation and the impact of international animal welfare standards for the fishes in European aquaculture

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