The legal protection of  farmed fish in Europe – analysing the range of EU legislation and the impact of international animal welfare standards for the fishes in European aquaculture

Giménez-Candela, Teresa; Saraiva, João L.; Bauer, Helena

doi:10.5565/rev/da.460

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regardless of the main driver for this change (ethical, reputational, economic) what should be noted is that fish welfare awareness is already at an advanced stage, especially in the EU, from campaigns and retailer bans to certification and legislation (e.g. 7,10,311,315,316 ). It is therefore time for research and industry to join forces so that EE in fish effectively works for the benefit of all parts.…”

Section: Industry Hesitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This EE definition encompasses the three main aspects defining animal welfare in terms of proper biological functioning: functional, natural and feeling‐based 9 . In fact, the Council of Europe Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998, concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purposes (which includes fish), states that the biological characteristics and different species‐specific needs of the fishes should be taken into account in husbandry practices, especially “with respect to the requirements for water conditions, social behaviour and environmental structures” 10 . In order to avoid detrimental effects on fish welfare, it is important to consider how biological characteristics interact with farming systems using both scientific and practical knowledge, and how EE can be successfully applied in fish culture conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects

Arechavala-López

Cabrera-Álvarez

Maia

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental enrichment (EE) can improve the welfare of captive fish. Its objective is to provide new sensorial and motor stimulation in order to help meet their behavioural, physiological, morphological and psychological needs, whilst reducing stress and frequency of abnormal behaviours. In fish farms, rearing environments are usually designed from a human perspective and based on economic requirements, mainly for practical reasons for the farmer, with little consideration for animal welfare. Throughout aquaculture production cycles, many farming operations can be stressful for fish, and EE may not only help them cope with these stressful events but also improve their overall welfare. In recent years, increasing interest on the effects of EE in captive fish has focussed mainly on structural enrichment. However, there are many other enrichment strategies that merit attention (e.g. sensorial, occupational, social and dietary enrichment) and which may be of interest for fish farming. Here, we review in depth the existing literature on EE and its effects on the welfare of a wide range of farmed fish species, discussing the feasibility and potential applications of different EE strategies to promote fish welfare at a commercial scale. We also present a practical framework to address the design, validation and implementation of EE by the aquaculture industry, taking in consideration the technical challenges of providing enrichment for farmed fish.

show abstract

Section: Industry Hesitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects

Arechavala-López

Cabrera-Álvarez

Maia

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Animal welfare can be described as the feelings experienced by animals, i.e., the presence of positive feelings or pleasure and the absence of strong negative feelings or suffering in the rearing environment of the animal ( 27 , 28 ). Interestingly, animal welfare protections have been established for a variety of farmed species in developed countries ( 29 , 30 ), yet the concept of fish welfare is gaining increasing public interest in developing countries. In most cases, fish are often categorized as aquatic animals, and their welfare is most often ignored in animal welfare decision-making policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment improves the growth rate, behavioral and physiological response of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus under laboratory conditions

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental enrichment (EE) improves the growth rate and welfare of some cultured fishes. However, most cultured fish species are raised in non-enriched housing conditions. Clarias gariepinus is an important commercial fish species, but little is known about the effect of EE on their welfare. This study examined the effect of different EE on the survival rate (SR), growth [mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)], behavioral (feed response, aggressive acts and shoaling time) and physiological responses (blood glucose) of C. gariepinus. One hundred and twenty juveniles of C. gariepinus (31.65 ± 0.69 g) were randomly allocated at 10 fish/tank and subjected to either Plant Enriched (PE), Substratum Enriched (SE), Plant and Substratum Enriched (PSE) and Non-Enriched (NE) tanks in triplicates for 56-days. Behavioral acts were observed for 10 min twice daily, and glucose level in blood samples was evaluated. Data were checked for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test before being analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. SR and MWG were significantly higher in Clarias gariepinus exposed to SE, with no significant differences among PE, PSE and NE treatments. There was no significant difference between the SGR of PSE and NE. FCR was similar between treatments. The highest condition factor (k) was recorded in SE tanks. Duration of feed response was shorter in SE, but there was no significant difference between the feed response of C. gariepinus exposed to PE and PSE. C. gariepinus exposed to PE, SE and PSE displayed a similar frequency of aggressive acts. African catfish reared in NE (barren) tanks had the least duration of shoaling period. The experiment consistently found the highest and least glucose values in PSE and SE. In conclusion, environmentally enriched housing tanks with SE resulted in the best MWG with a reduced level of aggression in C. gariepinus under laboratory conditions. Thus, EE might be applicable to boost fish productivity on a commercial scale.

show abstract

“…S. Yang et al, 2011). In turn, these parameters can be extrapolated or used in individual-based growth models to gain greater insights into the overall fish condition that are relevant to animal welfare guidance found in aquaculture certification programs (Giménez-Candela et al, 2020).…”

Section: Monitoring Biotic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate estimates of fish length, width, height, girth, thickness, and mass are now possible using noninvasive underwater video‐based sensors, stereo image analysis, and agent‐based and multiagent‐based simulators to interpret the data (García‐Magariño et al, 2017; da Silva Vale et al, 2020; Y. S. Yang et al, 2011). In turn, these parameters can be extrapolated or used in individual‐based growth models to gain greater insights into the overall fish condition that are relevant to animal welfare guidance found in aquaculture certification programs (Giménez‐Candela et al, 2020).…”

Section: Monitoring Tools and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental monitoring tools and strategies in salmon net‐pen aquaculture

Bell¹,

Mandel²,

Brainard³

et al. 2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As global salmon production accelerates in response to higher consumer demand for seafood, so does the need for sophisticated monitoring strategies to enable and maintain ethically sound, productive, and environmentally friendly production of fish. Innovative technologies are needed to ensure proper water quality, react to unfavorable hydrodynamic conditions, monitor for changes in fish health, and minimize ecological interactions with indigenous aquatic life, including fish escapes. Automated sensors connected wirelessly to data stations, visualization aids, and acoustic and physical tagging technologies are emerging tools capable of detecting environmental stress and its associated behavioral changes in farmed fish. Computer modeling of the monitoring data collected from a single salmon farm or collection of farms sharing a data network can be used to spot environmental trends vital for anticipating some of the consequences of climate change. Environmental regulations governing salmon farming in coastal areas are becoming more stringent in response to public pressures to protect coastal and ocean resources and to provide for multipurpose use of marine resources. As net‐pen salmon aquaculture expands globally, new technologies will be essential to collect and interpret the anticipated larger volumes of data needed to meet these stringent regulatory requirements and to safeguard the high investment costs inherent in salmon farming. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:950–963. © SETAC

show abstract

The legal protection of farmed fish in Europe – analysing the range of EU legislation and the impact of international animal welfare standards for the fishes in European aquaculture

Abstract: of farmed fish in Europe-analysing the range of EU legislation and the impact of international animal welfare standards for the fishes in European aquaculture, dA. Derecho Animal (Forum of Animal Law Studies) 11/1 (2020).

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects

Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects

Environmental enrichment improves the growth rate, behavioral and physiological response of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus under laboratory conditions

Environmental monitoring tools and strategies in salmon net‐pen aquaculture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About