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???The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com???. Copyright Springer DOI: 10.1007/s00521-004-0463-

Carbon capture and storage could significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One of the major limitations of this technology is the energy penalty for the compression of CO2 to supercritical conditions. To reduce the power requirements, supercritical carbon dioxide compressors must operate near saturation where phase change effects are important. Nonequilibrium condensation can occur at the leading edge of the compressor, causing performance and stability issues. The characterization of the fluid at these conditions is vital to enable advanced compressor designs at enhanced efficiency levels but the analysis is challenging due to the lack of data on metastable fluid properties. In this paper, we assess the behavior and nucleation characteristics of high-pressure subcooled CO2 during the expansion in a de Laval nozzle. The assessment is conducted with numerical calculations and corroborated by experimental measurements. The Wilson line is determined via optical measurements in the range of 41–82 bar. The state of the metastable fluid is characterized through pressure and density measurements, with the latter obtained in a first-of-its-kind laser interferometry setup. The inlet conditions of the nozzle are moved close to the critical point to allow for reduced margins to condensation. The analysis suggests that direct extrapolation using the Span and Wagner equation of state (S–W EOS) model yields results within 2% of the experimental data. The results are applied to define inlet conditions for a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor. Full-scale compressor experiments demonstrate that the reduced inlet temperature can decrease the shaft power input by 16%.

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The Space-Bandwidth Product (SBP) is a measure for the information capacity an optical system possesses. The two information processing steps in digital holography, recording and reconstruction, are analysed with respect to the SBP. The recording setup for a Fresnel hologram, Fourier hologram and Image-plane hologram, which represent the most commonly used setup configurations in digital holography, are investigated. For the recording process, the required SBP to ensure the recording of the entire object information is calculated. This is accomplished by analysing the recorded interference pattern in the hologram plane. The paraxial diffraction model is used in order to simulate the light propagation from the object to hologram-plane. The SBP in the reconstruction process is represented by the product of the reconstructed field of view and spatial frequency bandwidth. The outcome of this analysis results in a space-bandwidth product optimised digital holographic setup. c

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