PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how research and development (R&D) collaboration takes place for complex new products in the automotive sector. The research aims to give guidelines to increase the effectiveness of such collaborations.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used to investigate this issue was grounded theory. The empirical data were collected through a mixture of interviews and questionnaires. The resulting inducted conceptual models were subsequently validated in industrial workshops.FindingsThe findings show that frontloading of the collaborative members was a major issue in managing successful R&D collaborations.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this research is that it is only based in the German automotive industry.Practical implicationsPractical implications have come out of this research. Models and guidelines are given to help make a success of collaborative projects and their potential impacts on time, cost and quality metrics.Originality/valueFrontloading is not often studied in a collaborative manner; it is normally studied within just one organisation. This study has novel value because it has involved a number of different members throughout the supplier network.
Two bladed wind turbines are discussed as a possible turbine alternative for offshore use as they show a potential to save cost of energy. But compared to three-bladed turbines, their dynamic behavior is much more challenging. A possible solution to handle these larger dynamic loads is the use of a teeter hinge, which can significantly reduce fatigue loads. In contrast to that, extreme loads, coming from teeter end impacts, are often described as a problem for teetered turbines.There are different design parameters of the teeter system of a turbine, which have an influence on extreme loads during teeter end impacts. Despite numerous studies on teeter movement and load reduction potentials of operational loads, scientific literature does not give information about suitable load-reducing combinations of teeter design parameters and their influence on extreme loads. This paper, which is a summary of a PhD thesis, 1 analyses which combination of teeter parameters has the largest load-reducing influence on extreme loads. Aeroelastic load simulations of the teetered turbine CART2 from the NREL test site and one of today's commercial two-bladed turbines, the SCD3MW from aerodyn (both pitch controlled upwind turbines), will be used.
KEYWORDSCART2, extreme loads, SCD3MW, teeter, two bladed
INTRODUCTIONIn today's literature, teeter end impacts are often described as situations that lead to critical loads. 2-8 Some of these studies even come to the conclusion that teeter end impacts make the load-reducing advantage of the teeter hinge obsolete. However, an overview of turbine design parameters influencing these loads is not given. A summary of research on teeter behaviour and a first approach of influences on teeter extreme loads has been done in Schorbach et al. 9 Closing this research gap is the aim of this study.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.