This article critically appraises the political, social, and economic processes of privatization in Nigeria since 1999. A qualitative analysis of the privatization process and outcomes is carried out within the broader state versus market debate in political economy of reforms. It will be revealed that privatization has not produced its purported outcomes of efficiency/consumer satisfaction and social equity, and the privatization process has not been thoroughly transparent and accountable. In explaining the outcomes and process, the article highlights the problems posed for reforms by the weak democratic infrastructure and institutional framework for regulation; the logic of neoliberal ideology, which constrains the space of action for developing countries or forces these countries to act along specific trajectories instead of others in order to be seen as embracing globalization; and above all, the political constraints relating to the opportunistic and self-interested attitude of political and economic elites who are determined to continue to benefit from privatization as they did during the pre-reform era of public enterprises.
The coverage of ICT goes beyond such activities as programming, networking and analyzing. It enables the usage of computers and related tools to enhance … the quality of life. 1 *
This paper examines the laws on Information and Communications Technology in Nigeria, and the institutional regulatory framework for enforcing the relevant laws. It further appraises selected concepts associated with ICT regulation and some contemporary issues as they relate to the challenges of ICT in Nigeria. The paper suggests regulatory benchmarks for the purpose of repositioning the ICT sector and approaches to strengthening the regulation of ICT in Nigeria. The paper concludes with an emphasis on value–added and result–based approach to the Information and Communications Technology regulation process in Nigeria.
The Treasury Single Account (TSA) policy was designed to block revenue loopholes, promote transparency and accountability, prevent mismanagement of government's revenue, unify government bank accounts, improve the processing of payments and collections, and reduce borrowing costs. It aims to ensure complete, real-time information on cash resources and improves operational and appropriation's control. Despite its clear conceptual aims, its practical implementation has been fraught with several legal challenges and questions. This article examines the concept and historical origin of TSA in Nigeria as well as its application in petroleum revenue management with a view of determining its legality and constitutionality. The article further considers whether the application of TSA had occasioned conflict or confusion between the Federation Account and the Consolidated Revenue Fund as provided under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended in the aftermath of the reform. It argues that TSA is not an account, but a policy nomenclature directed towards the compliance with sections 80 (1) and 162 (1) of the 1999 Constitution as amended. Although it is currently not provided for in any law or the Constitution, the article insists that the constitutionally recognized accounts for the payment of revenue are the Federation Account and the Consolidated Revenue Fund. TSA is a good and effective policy for the management of petroleum revenue. The article recommends a robust legal and institutional reform to secure its legality, continuity and sustainability. It urges the legislature to review some of the laws and amend the Constitution to entrench TSA in the legal regime.
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