Hijrah conception has experienced a shift of meaning between its concept in the Prophet's era and today. Hijrah is often associated with the use of niqob and radicalism. By wearing niqob as a means of hijrah, someone does not merely modify her fashion, but also her behavior. There is also an assumption that those who are not wearing niqob have yet to hijrah. This research aims to find out the concept of hijrah for women with niqob, including the background and the influence of the concept of hijrah on their religiosity. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method. The data were collected from chats in a Niqober group, in which a discussion on hijrah was conducted. The conversations were captured, selected, sorted, classified, and displayed in tables. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively and iteratively. The results of this study indicate that today, hijrah has three concepts: a change in circumstance, a change in behavior, and a change in fashion. Wearing a niqob, as a form of hijrah, is influenced by some factors, such as the factors of partner, family, and environment. The concept of hijrah for Niqobers influences the meaning in religion. First, hijrah is symbolized with the use of niqob. Second, a woman who does hijrah by wearing niqob is considered to be radical. Third, hijrah using niqob means following the Arabic culture. This study suggests conducting an education related to the concept of hijrah that are believed by the Niqobers. To use niqob does not only mean hijrah, but also it is the Prophet's sunnah, and it is not obligated. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that women who do not wear niqob have yet to commit hijrah.
This study aims to explain how the linguistic elements of Arabic language reflects the social life of its users or society. This qualitative research relies on Arabic words and sentences as the main data taken from literatures and other written documents. The collected data are analysed qualitatively using a sociolinguistic approach to explain how the society use the Arabic words or sentences in their social interaction. The research reveals that Arabic language is one of the international languages which has the highest content of gender sexism among other languages in the world. Each Arabic word and sentence contain a gender identity (masculine and feminine). The Arabic or sentences that have a masculine identity are strong, strong, primary needs, and independent; whereas, the Arabic words or sentences that have a feminine identity are more likely to have the characteristics of cleanliness, health, secondary needs, and dependent. It can be concluded that the mastery of Arabic language requires not only the understanding of its words and sentences, but also its users' social life where the Arabic Language grows and develops. In other words, the use of Arabic language cannot be separated from the ideology, culture and social life of its users. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana unsur-unsur linguistik bahasa Arab menggambarkan kehidupan social masyarakat penggunanya. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengandalkan kata dan kalimat bahasa Arab sebagai data utama yang diambil dari literatur dan dokumen tulis lainnya. Data terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiolingistik untuk menjelaskan setiap kata atau kalimat bahasa Arab yang digunakan oleh sebuah komunitas masyarakat dalam interaksi sosial. Dalam penelitian terungkap bahwa bahasa Arab merupakan salah satu Bahasa internasional yang mengandung muatan seksisme gender paling tinggi di antara Bahasa-bahasa lain di dunia. Setiap kata dan kalimat bahasa Arab memuat identitas gender (maskulin dan feminine). Kata atau kalimat yang beridentitas maskulin memiliki sifat kokoh, kuat, kebutuhan primer, dan independen; sedangkan, kata atau kalimat yang beridentitas feminin lebih cenderung pada sifat yang berkaitan dengan ketertiban, kebersihan, kesehatan, kebutuhan skunder dan dependen. Dapat disimupulkan bahwa memahami bahasa Arab tidak cukup dengan memahami kata dan kalimatnya, namun perlu juga memahami kehidupan sosial masyarakat penggunanya di mana Bahasa Arab tersebut tumbuh dan berkembang. Dengan kata lain, Bahasa Arab tidak akan lepas dari ideologi, budaya dan kehidupan sosial masyarakat penggunanya.
This paper aims to uncover the Islamic values behind the ritual of a cow head burial held by people in Bamboo Forest, Sumbermujur, Candipuro, Lumajang. It is one of the rituals of a popular Javanese culture called Grebek Suro, conducted in the first month of the Javanese calendar. It finds that the Islamic value of the ritual is salam or safety. The cow head burial is intended to bring about safety (slamet) towards society in the upcoming year. This research is expected to contribute in calling people for preserving local culture and Islamic values within the rituals. It is limited to the exploration of the Islamic values within the ritual of a cow head burial in Grebeg Suro ceremony. Further researches are expected to study the other rituals, such as Gunungan, Tumpengan, Japa Mantra, Larungan, and the dancing ritual.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai Islam di balik ritual penanaman kepala sapi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Hutan Bambu, Sumbermujur, Candipuro, Lumajang. Ini adalah salah satu ritual budaya Jawa terkenal, Grebek Suro, yang dilakukan pada bulan pertama penanggalan Jawa. Studi ini menemukain bahwa nilai Islam dari ritual tersebut adalah salam atau keselamatan. Penguburan kepala sapi dimaksudkan untuk membawa keselamatan (slamet) bagi masyarakat di tahun mendatang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam mengajak masyarakat untuk melestarikan budaya lokal dan nilai-nilai Islam dalam ritualnya. Penelitian ini terbatas pada penggalian nilai-nilai Islam dalam ritual penguburan kepala sapi di upacara Grebeg Suro. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan menganalisis ritual-ritual lainnya, seperti Gunungan, Tumpengan, Japa Mantra, Larungan, dan ritual menari.
The shift of the learning system from offline to online is a challenge for higher education lecturers. It demands creativity and innovation in designing the learning system, teaching strategies, methods, and evaluations to measure the students' abilities and understanding. Those who are accustomed to teaching face-to-face might find it hard to switch to online. They need to learn to operate the platform. This study describes lecturers' experiences in teaching online during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a qualitative descriptive study with a phenomenological approach. The data are obtained from interviews with lecturers at the Center for Arabic Language Development at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This study shows that the challenges in teaching Arabic online raise the lecturers' creativity and innovation through various technology-based teaching activities. They even use several online applications in delivering the materials, such as Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, WhatsApp, and Email. Technology-based teaching is a new transformation in education, especially in teaching Arabic.
In practicing speaking skills, there are five language skills, such as vocabulary, sentence structure, reading, writing and listening. In an academic context, the content of the discussion contains ideas from the results of students' critical thinking. The ideas are arranged systematically, help students to speak fluently. Departing from the data, that Indonesian students are weak in critical thinking, as well as the curiosity of researchers about what strategies are suitable for improving speaking skills, this study aims to find a strategy using concept maps with several stages that will train students' skills in reading, vocabulary, write and speak. This study aims to describe the application of the concept map strategy and describe the obstacles faced by students, as well as solutions, as well as describe student perceptions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with case studies, which focus on learning at Malang State Universities and Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and documentation. As for the data analysis method, the researcher used the model according to Miles and Hubermen, the data analysis technique consisted of data collection, condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study is: students' perceptions in implementing the strategy are divided into two, the beginning of application (aspects of mastery of the material, duration of time, habituation of learning and technology) and after application (aspects of vocabulary, compulsion, facilitating learning and psychological). And the Buzan and Edward's concept map strategy trains students to think critically and speak systematically and learn independently, as well as equip them with HOTS skills, both offline and online to improve speaking skills and hone reading and writing skills.
The role of social media is significant in long distance marriage relationship communications. Communication is a very important aspect for the survival of human life. Humans as social beings always want to establish relationships with other humans. There are various ways people establish communication, one of which is through social media including facebook. Facebook is the highes social media which used by indonesian society. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results indicate that the social media of facebook is widely used by long distance couples as a place of outpouring, seeking attention to their partners and means to get a response from a spouse or friend. The status written by the couple and get many responses from their friends will be analisised by CMC. A sample of 20 LDMR couples (Long Distance Marriage Relationship) participated in this study. The data cover couple's status on their facebook wall. There are six categories of responses in CMC for interpersonal communication, and the results of the study showed that the dominant responses on the purpose of the social media is for investigating and evaluating their couple's status.
Song is one of the means of communication that is considered successful in delivering messages to the listeners. Hammoud Al-Khidr is one of the musicians who has succeeded in presenting songs filled with encouraging messages. The researchers were interested in analyzing the meaning of encouragement found in each of his songs. This research is descriptive qualitative . The data sources were the lyrics of the song “Hawil maratan 'ukhraa wakun fudulia watasnae almustahila" and YouTube. This research used the semiotic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure, which seeks to understand the meaning of a literary work using signs. The objectives of this research were to know the reference and the reference found in the songs; and uncover the meaning of encouragement found in the songs. The results of this research were: (1) What is referred to in these songs is the lyrics of the song itself, and what is referred to is the interpretation of the reference; (2) The meaning of encouragement in the song Try Again is the encouragement to try again, focus on the future, not be afraid of dreaming, renew the soul, and be dissatisfied easily. Encouragement in the song "Lilmuhawalat maratan 'ukhraa" is to encourage curiosity and to ask lots of questions and discussion. The meaning of the encouragement contained in the song "Tasnae almustahil" is the encouragement to conquer the impossible, strengthen the resolve, move together, grow, advance, trust and commit. It is expected that there will be more other researchers who explore similar topic and they are suggested to use other theories to advance this research.
Learning interaction is an essential element during the online learning process. Therefore, this study offers an internet-based speaking skill learning model. This study aims to describe the process, the problem, and the learning model of learning internet-based speaking skills. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with case studies, focusing on learning at state Islamic universities in East Java, Indonesia, The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, and The State Islamic University of KH. Ahmad Shiddiq Jember. For data collection, the researcher used three methods: first, observation of online speaking learning activities conducted at two universities to find out the steps of learning, secondly interviews were conducted with lecturers who teach speaking courses and also students in the class to find out the obstacles faced. and thirdly documentation in the form of photos of activities and platforms used in the learning process to complete the data. For data analysis, the researcher used the Miles and Huberman method: data collection, data classification, data presentation, and concluding. The findings of the research : (1) that the internet-based speaking skill learning process is based on Personal Learning, (2) There are two problems in learning internet-based speaking skills: Internal Problems that is from the lecturer side cannot explain the whole theme and from the student side; bored and External Problems: electronic constraints related to internet signals and data, (3) internet-based speaking skill learning model That is the interaction between students - students and interactions between lecturers - students. The formal findings of this study are: learning maharah kalam with an internet-based personal learning model based on interaction with synchronous media shows its effectiveness in Islamic universities.
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