El artículo indaga sobre la producción científica en América Latina respecto a la garantía del derecho a la ciudad en fenómenos de aglomeración urbana. Para esto se problematizan tres conceptos principales: derecho a la ciudad, aglomeración urbana y gobierno urbano. Los resultados evidencian el poco abordaje teórico y empírico que se ha hecho del problema y cómo las ciudades se gobiernan, todavía, sin pensar más allá de los límites municipales. Se concluye que es necesario pensar la garantía del derecho en los fenómenos urbanos, incluyendo mayores grados de coordinación y cooperación entre las unidades municipales que conforman las aglomeraciones.
Money laundering is a transnational criminal phenomenon that affects countries within a globalized economy. In Ecuador, when the Integral Organic Code (COIP) comes into force in 2014, this conduct is sanctioned more severely and, for the first time, legal persons are included in criminal activities. In this context, by using a qualitative methodology and the case study method, this paper seeks to determine the decision of criminal decision on the basis of Becker's Economic Analysis of Law (AED), especially the cost-benefit ratio seen from the perspective of the agent (natural-legal person). The conclusion shows that the penalty imposed on a natural person can generate a cost for the State, whereas for a legal person it entails an affectation on the organization, as well as on the economic circuit of the country.
Corruption is a crime that generates political hardships, particularly to the construction of the State and democracy. The latter, since it restricts the ability of institutions to promote the general welfare through the creation of secret powers that hinder the idea of democracy as a public power that performs before the public. Thus, political corruption creates a secret power, controlled by public officials and professional politicians who favor diverse criminal networks associated with other crimes; affecting like this the institutions and the principle of publicity in democracy. The objective of the research is to analyze political corruption in Colombia between 2013 and 2018 from the perspective of Transnational Organized Crime (TOC). For this purpose, to address political corruption as a transnational crime, it is necessary to overcome the phenomenon of the narcotization of crime and recognize that political corruption is also a relevant crime; which functions in a network and is associated with other criminal dynamics to seek economic benefits for the State or to affect it. The methodological approach was qualitative and, the phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used in the analysis of historical information collected since the 16th century that served as a context to establish the relationship of corruption with other crimes in the country and the different cases of corruption analyzed in the period of study. Only those cases that fit the analysis of transnational corruption, because of links to other networks are considered. It is evident that between 2013 and 2018 there were cases of political corruption with criminal links associated with drug trafficking, money laundering, and prostitution, among others. However, several of these facts do not seem to have the same informational relevance as typical cases of bribery, illegal campaign financing, or contracting cartels. This is understood as an opportunity to continue deepening these types of investigations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.