ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used.Keywords: Physalis L., sexual propagation, seedling morphology, light spectrum. Produção de mudas de espécies de Physalis cultivadas sob diferentes colorações de telas fotoconversorasRESUMO. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar a produção de mudas de espécies pertencentes ao gênero Physalis L. sob telas fotoconversoras de diferentes colorações. Foram utilizadas quatro telas fotoconversoras, nas colorações branca, azul, vermelha e preta, todas com 50% de sombreamento, além de um tratamento a pleno sol (controle), e quatro espécies de Physalis: P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima e P. ixocarpa. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso contendo três blocos com 25 sementes em cada tratamento por parcela experimental. As espécies foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor. Acompanhou-se a germinação diariamente, para cálculo do Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVE) e ao estabilizar, calculou-se a porcentagem total de emergência. Aos 50 dias avaliou-se, altura, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, índice de área foliar e massa seca das mudas. Concluiu-se que as espécies estudadas reagem de forma diferente à modificação do espectro luminoso. Mudas de P. peruviana devem ser formadas sob telado branco ou vermelho, de P. pubescens sob telado branco ou preto, de P. minima em telado branco, vermelho ou preto e de P. ixocarpa sob telado branco, com 50% de sombreamento.Palavras-chave: Physalis L., propagação sexuada, morfologia de mudas, espectro luminoso.

At the end of the production period of strawberries grown in subtropical regions, postharvest durability is severely diminished due to rising temperatures which compromises the commercialization of fresh fruit. An ideal option would be to process strawberries in the form of preserves, jams, and jellies. Along this line it becomes extremely important to conduct a survey of which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of jelly, as well as to understand what the consumer profile is for this product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different strawberry cultivars grown in subtropical regions of Brazil (Camarosa, Festival, San Andreas, Oso Grande, Camino Real, and Albion) on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The strawberry cultivars presented different physicochemical characteristics which resulted in jellies with different physicochemical and rheological characteristics. In this study, however, we verified that all cultivars have potential to be processed in the form of jelly due to good acceptance of all formulations prepared. In general consumers prefer a lighter-colored strawberry jelly, with a less intense red color, more acidic, and less consistent/firm.

Resumo -O cultivo de Physalis peruviana L., popularmente conhecido como fisális, apresenta grande potencial econômico e está sendo aos poucos incorporado aos plantios do grupo de pequenas frutas no Brasil. Entretanto, ainda há necessidade de se aprimorar o manejo cultural, principalmente em questões relativas às necessidades nutricionais, bem o estabelecimento de parâmetros de diagnose visual de deficiência nutricional. Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever os sintomas visuais de deficiências nutricionais, bem como avaliar o efeito da omissão de nutrientes no crescimento e nutrição mineral de fisális. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e oito tratamentos, em solução nutritiva baseada em solução de Hoagland e Arnon com os seguintes tratamentos: omissões individuais de Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Mn, Fe e múltiplas de CaB e MgMn. Avaliou-se o número médio de folhas por planta (NF); altura (ALT); diâmetro do caule (DC); produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (PMPA), das raízes (PMR) e total (PMT); relação parte aérea/raízes (PA/R); o crescimento relativo da parte aérea e das raízes; bem como a diagnose visual. As deficiências dos nutrientes nas mudas de fisális se traduziram por sintomas típicos, com exceção da omissão do Zn que não manifestou nenhum sintoma de carência. As omissões de Fe e CaB foram as mais limitantes para o crescimento vegetativo dessa espécie.Palavras-chave: Pequenos frutos; Solução nutritiva; Fisális. Nutritional deficiency and growth of Physalis peruviana L.Abstract -The Physalis peruviana L. cultivation, popularly known as 'golden berry', has a great economic potential and is being gradually incorporated into the crops of the small fruits group in Brazil. However, there is still a need to improve management practices, especially in matters relating to the nutritional needs such as the establishment of visual diagnosis parameters of nutritional deficiencies, which would make it possible to achieve higher productivities. This study aimed to describe the visual symptoms of nutritional deficiencies and evaluate the effect of the omission of nutrients on the growth and nutrition of golden berry. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Soil Science of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications and eight treatments in nutrient solution based on Hoagland and Arnon solution with the following treatments: individual omission of Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Mn, Fe and multiple omissions for CaB and MgMn. This study evaluated the number of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; dry matter weight of aerial parts; dry matter weight of roots; total dry matter weight; dry matter weight aerial:roots ratio; and the visual diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies. The observations of the nutritional deficiencies sho...

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To increase the availability to consumers and add more value to persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), which is a very perishable and seasonal fruit and in order to identify which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of juice and jelly, as well as understand what the consumer profile is for these products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different persimmon cultivars (Rama Forte, Mel, Guiombo and Taubaté) grown in subtropical regions of Brazil on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting juice and jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The different studied persimmon cultivars had different physical and physicochemical characteristics which resulted in juices and jellies with different physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics. Based on sensory acceptance and productivity/ adaptability of persimmon crop in Brazil, the most suitable persimmon cultivars for processing are Rama Forte and Guiombo. In this study it was found that the consumer prefers a more acidic persimmon juice and a less firm or softer, less sweet, clearer and more intense yellow color persimmon jelly.

Temperate fruit species, originate from regions with cold winters and well-defined climatic seasons. These fruits are also produced in subtropical and tropical regions. The aim of this study was to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of different fruit cultivars from fruit trees of temperate climate, such as peach, pear, quince, and fig, able to be produced in subtropic regions. Analyzes of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and ascorbic acid were carried out. In peaches, 'Biuti' had the highest phenolic content, and 'Bonão' stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (ABTS) and ascorbic acid. For quinces, 'Lageado' had higher phenolic content, 'Provence' and 'CTS' showed higher antioxidant activity (ABTS), and ' Alaranjado' stood out in relation of antioxidant activity (DPPH). 'Fuller' , 'Smyrna' and 'Portugal' are the ones with the highest levels of ascorbic acid. In pears, 'Seleta' showed the highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and ascorbic acid. 'Centenaria' presented the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS). In figs, 'Três num Prato' , 'Lemon' and 'Brunswick' had the highest ascorbic acid content. 'Três num prato' and 'Roxo de Valinhos' showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity consecutively. It was found that cultivars of these evaluated fruits showed great variability, even under similar conditions.

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The fruit growing activity is of great importance for Brazilian agribusiness as the country is the third largest fruit producer in the world. Despite this notability, the fruit market presents obstacles especially related to international trade. Thus, the present study sought to determine the positioning and evolution of Brazil in the international fresh fruit market. Data used in the research were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1986 to 2017) and the World Bank (2018), using metrics of export flow, quantity and income of countries related to the main fruits exported by Brazil in the first quarter of 2020. Data were manipulated, transformed into figures and graphs for better visualization of information. The Brazilian position in the in the ranking of fresh fruit exports was not very dynamic during the evaluation period, being dependent on the demand from high-income European countries.