The yeasts are microorganisms with great potential for biotechnological applications in diverse areas. The biological control of phytopathogens by yeasts has showed satisfactory results under laboratory conditions, and it has already produced commercial formulations. With this as focus, this work aims to perform in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the action of a Torulaspora globosa yeast strain (1S112), isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere, against the phytopathogenic mold Colletotrichum sublineolum, the causative agent of anthracnose in sorghum. In vitro experiments included the antagonism test in Petri dishes with morphological hyphal evaluation; yeast killer activity; siderophore, volatile compound and hydrolytic enzyme production. In vivo experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions with a sorghum variety susceptible to C. sublineolum by evaluating the anthracnose disease for 6 weeks. The results indicated that the yeast strain significantly controlled the fungal growth, either in vitro or in vivo. The strain of T. globosa exhibited killer activity against two sensitive strains, which is a novel capacity for this species. The yeast did not produce siderophores, volatile compounds or hydrolytic enzymes, although it has reduced the mycelial growth, resulting in hyphal deformities but not cell death. The yeast controlled the anthracnose disease in sorghum, either inoculated before or after the fungal spores, suggesting that the competition for space and nutrients to dominate the mold and killer toxin production, altering the hyphal morphology, are mechanisms utilized by the yeast in the biocontrol.
The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of different weed management through a burndown application followed by sequential applications of herbicides to control Conyza spp. Thus, four field experiments were conducted, two in the western region of Paraná state (E1 and E2), one in Jataí, Goiás state (E3) and another one in Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul state (E4). Conyza spp. in this area had a height ranging between 25 and 60 cm. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The primary herbicide treatments were 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam, chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D, and four doses of diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate. These treatments were applied singly or in sequential applications, made 10 days before the application of ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil. In all experiments, results showed efficient (90%) control of treatments containing diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl in combination with glyphosate on day 35 DAA, regardless of sequential applications. Applications of 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam or chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D were not effective against Conyza spp. at E1 and E2 locations, possibly due to the greater weed size (50 to 60 cm) at these sites. However, the same treatments were effective at E3 and E4 locations, where weeds were smaller. Diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate associated with ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil in sequential applications, proved to be an important tool to manage Conyza spp. at different growth stages.
Morpho-physiological changes caused by particular plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were evaluated in sugarcane plants under varying water availability. Under well-watered conditions, we have found one rhizobacteria isolate (IAC-RBcr5) able to enhance root dry matter and photosynthesis of sugarcane plants. The IAC-RBcr5 genome was sequenced and high similarity was found with Pseudomonas putida GB-1. Based on increased root system size of inoculated plants, we hypothesised that sugarcane plants inoculated with IAC-RBcr5 would have improved performance under water deficit. Although IAC-RBcr5 had improved plant leaf CO 2 assimilation under water shortage, inoculation caused reduction of biomass accumulation in sugarcane. The negative influence of water deficit on shoot growth rate and root traits such as volume, area, diameter, length and specific root area was higher in plants treated with IAC-RBcr5 as compared to non-inoculated ones. However, rhizobacteria-induced improvements in leaf and root proline contents would represent a strategy for storing carbon and nitrogen during low water availability and helping both organisms to resume their metabolism after rehydration. In conclusion, we found and identified a rhizobacterium able to improve growth and photosynthesis of sugarcane plants. Such benefit for plant growth was lost under low water availability as a likely consequence of increased carbon-energy demand by rhizobacteria and their sensitivity to drought. (PGPR) form a group of free-living bacteria that promote plant growth by colonising roots of host plants (Saharan & Nehra, 2011). The PGPR may improve plant Ann Appl Biol 172 (2018) 309-320 309
The DAS-444Ø6-6 soybean expresses AAD-12, 2mEPSPS and PAT enzymes to provide, respectively, tolerance to 2,4-D, glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate. This event is also associated with DAS-81419-2 expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins to provide protection against a broad spectrum of soybean lepidopteran insect species. Successful adoption by growers of these technologies relies on the traits performing in the diverse environments of Brazil, especially under adverse weather conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the tolerance of DAS 444Ø6-6 and DAS-444Ø6-6 x DAS-81419-2 soybeans to 2,4-D and glyphosate in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Eight trials across four sites were conducted in the 2015/2016 summer rainy season using a randomized complete block design, with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor A was 2,4-D choline salt (456 g a.e. L-1) + glyphosate DMA salt (480 g a.e. L-1) at 975 + 1,025 and 1,950 + 2,050 g a.e. ha-1, respectively and ready-mix of (2,4-D choline salt 195 g a.e. L-1 + glyphosate DMA salt 205 g a.e. L-1) at 2,000 (975 + 1,025) and 4,000 (1,950 + 2,050) g a.e. ha-1. Factor B was application timing at V3, V6 and R2 soybean growth stages. No visible symptoms of leaf chlorosis, epinasty, or growth inhibition were observed. Slight leaf droop was observed at 1 day after treatment (DAT), but it was null at 7 DAT. Less than 6% and 13% of leaf necrosis or injury were observed at 7 DAT, respectively, at 975 + 1,025 and 1,950 + 2,050 g a.e. ha-1 of 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate DMA salt, regardless of applied as a ready-mix or not, but it was always 2% or less at 28 DAT. Crop grain yield was not influenced by herbicide treatments, application timing and their interaction, regardless of the soybean event and experimental site. DAS-444Ø6-6 and DAS-444Ø6-6 x DAS-81419-2 soybeans showed high tolerance to 2,4-D choline salt and glyphosate DMA in the Cerrado region of Brazil.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.