O capim-amargoso é uma planta de difícil controle devido as suas características vegetativas de sobrevivência e pela sua resistência ao glyphosate. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de diversos graminicidas no controle do capim-amargoso perenizado em pleno florescimento. Para isso foram instalados dois experimentos a campo, sendo que no experimento 1 foram testados 4 graminicidas associados ao glyphosate, em aplicação única no qual foi avaliado as porcentagens de controle aos 14 e 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Já no experimento 2 foram aplicados 17 tratamentos (aplicação A) e após 35 dias realizada a aplicação sequencial de clethodim + glyphosate (Aplicação B), nesse experimento foram avaliadas as porcentagens de controle aos 14, 28 e 35 DAA de A e B, assim como a massa seca das plantas de capim-amargoso após a última avaliação de controle. No experimento 1 não se obteve controle satisfatório das plantas de capim-amargoso perenizado com nenhum dos tratamentos utilizados. No experimento 2, os resultados antes da aplicação sequencial (B) não foram eficientes no controle do capim-amargoso, entretanto aos 35 dias após aplicação B, os tratamentos com as doses de haloxyfop-methyl a partir de 100 g i.a. ha-1 associado ao herbicida clethodim + glyphosate (Aplicação B) foram eficientes no seu controle com consequente diminuição da massa seca. Conclui-se que a aplicação única de graminicidas não foi eficaz no controle do capim-amargoso em pleno florescimento, sendo necessário a aplicação sequencial (A + B) para promover o controle adequado.

-Some desiccation techniques for harvesting wheat may affect seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different desiccant herbicides applied to the wheat crop and their effects on the production and seed quality. The experiment was conducted with cultivar CooDeteC 150 (CD 150) in two sites in Palotina (Paraná state, Brazil) with a randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments (desiccation herbicides) and 4 replications. Desiccation was realized when 50% of the plants were in stage 80 with seeds in powdery or mass consistency. the variables analyzed were percentage of moisture content after harvest, Yield, hectoliter weight, mass of 100 seeds, vigor, germination, fresh mass of seedlings, dry mass of seedlings and root length. the herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and clethodim were the ones that promoted greatest reduction in vigor. the herbicide paraquat caused reduction in seedling length. there was a reduction in the mass of 100 seeds for glufosinate-ammonium, clethodim, diquat and carfentrazone-ethyl. Glufosinate-ammonium, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim and diquat caused reduction in yield. Desiccation of Cultivar CD 150 at stage 80 is not recommended, since plant Yield and physiological seed parameters were adversely affected by herbicides.Index terms: chemical desiccation, management, germination, vigor, seedlings.Produtividade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes de trigo após dessecação com diferentes herbicidas RESUMO -Algumas técnicas de manejo da cultura do trigo, como a dessecação pré-colheita podem afetar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes herbicidas dessecantes aplicados na cultura do trigo e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar COODETEC 150 (CD 150), em dois ambientes de produção localizados no Município de Palotina -PR, sob o delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, constituído de 7 tratamentos (herbicidas na dessecação) com 4 repetições. A dessecação foi realizada quando 50% das plantas apresentavam-se no estádio 80 com as sementes de consistência farinácea ou de massa. As variáveis analisadas foram umidade após a colheita, produtividade de sementes, peso hectolitro, massa de 100 sementes, germinação e vigor. Os herbicidas carfentrazoneethyl e clethodim reduziram o vigor das sementes produzidas, e o herbicida paraquat reduziu o comprimento de plântulas. ocorreu redução na massa de 100 sementes para o amônio -glufosinate, clethodim, diquat e carfentrazone-ethyl. O amônio -glufosinate, paraquat, glyphosate, clethodim e diquat reduziram a produtividade. A dessecação de plantas da cultivar CD 150 no estádio 80 não é recomendada, em decorrências dos efeitos negativos dos herbicidas nos parâmetros produtivos e fisiológicos das sementes de trigo.Termos para indexação: dessecação química, manejo, germinação, vigor, plântulas.

No abstract

Horseweed (Conyza spp.) is a weed with a considerable presence and frequency throughout Brazilian crops, as well as presenting difficult chemical control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide management, through single and sequential applications, in controlling Conyza spp., at two development stages with 4 to 6 leaves (3 to 5 cm) and 20 leaves (15-20 cm). The analyzed variables were: control percentage (7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application), dry matter content (28 days after application) and regrowth percentage (21 days after application). Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability and when there was a difference, the means were submitted to the Scott-Knott test. For Conyza spp. plants with a height between 3 and 5 cm and 4 to 6 leaves, the best treatments were T4, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, and T14, presenting a control percentage above 90%, 7 days after application. For Conyzaspp. plants with a plant development of 15 cm in height and 15 to 20 leaves, the highest control percentages and lowest regrowth percentages were with treatments T9, T13, and T14.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron, aplicados em soja RR/STS. O experimento I constituiu-se da aplicação de doses (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g i. a. ha-1) de chlorimuron-ethyl. Para o experimento II foram aplicadas doses (0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4 e 7,2 g i. a. ha-1) de metsulfuron-methyl. Para o experimento III foram aplicadas doses (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 g i. a. ha-1) de nicosulfuron. Foi empregado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas: altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta, clorofila A, B e total, condutividade, vigor e germinação das sementes, produtividade e massa de mil sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. De maneira geral, as variáveis analisadas não sofreram influência pela aplicação dos herbicidas. O cultivar de soja CD 250 RR/STS apresentou-se tolerante aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron.

-Light, temperature and dormancy are factors that influence the germination of seeds and are strictly linked to the emergence of weeds. The objective of this work was to assess the germination of Sorghum arundinaceum and Sorghum halepense subjected to different conditions of temperature and luminosity, as well as assessing seed dormancy breaking mechanisms. For this, two experiments were conducted, both arranged in a completely randomized design. Experiment 1 was installed in a 2 x 5 double factorial design. The first factor was the absence or presence of light for 12 hours, and the other was composed of five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 30, 40 and 45 o C. In experiment 2, the efficiency of nine treatments used for breaking dormancy of seeds was assessed. The variables analyzed for both experiments were germination percentage and germination speed index (GSI). For the statistical analysis were performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and all the necessary consequences, as well as regression, when relevant. In experiment 1 for both species greater germination occurred in the presence of light. For S. arundinaceum the temperatures at which there was the highest percentage of germination were 33.13 and 31.24 o C for presence and absence of light respectively. As for S. halepense these temperatures were 31.98 and 29.75 o C for presence and absence of light respectively. As for the treatments for breaking dormancy, the mechanical scarification of seeds with sandpaper presented the highest germination and GSI. It is concluded that the Sorghum species studied are neutral photoblastic seeds and present mechanical type dormancy.Keywords: johnsongrass, false johnsongrass, dormancy, seeds. Palavras-chave: capim-massambará, capim-falso-massambará, dormência, sementes. RESUMO -A luz, a temperatura e a dormência são fatores que influenciam a germinação das sementes e estão estritamente ligados à emergência de plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a germinação de

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean (Glycine max) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), vetch (Vicia sativa), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the three crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.

The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of different weed management through a burndown application followed by sequential applications of herbicides to control Conyza spp. Thus, four field experiments were conducted, two in the western region of Paraná state (E1 and E2), one in Jataí, Goiás state (E3) and another one in Ibirubá, Rio Grande do Sul state (E4). Conyza spp. in this area had a height ranging between 25 and 60 cm. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The primary herbicide treatments were 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam, chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D, and four doses of diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate. These treatments were applied singly or in sequential applications, made 10 days before the application of ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil. In all experiments, results showed efficient (90%) control of treatments containing diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl in combination with glyphosate on day 35 DAA, regardless of sequential applications. Applications of 2,4-D + glyphosate + diclosulam or chlorimuron-ethyl + glyphosate + 2,4-D were not effective against Conyza spp. at E1 and E2 locations, possibly due to the greater weed size (50 to 60 cm) at these sites. However, the same treatments were effective at E3 and E4 locations, where weeds were smaller. Diclosulam + halauxifen-methyl + glyphosate associated with ammonium glufosinate, paraquat or saflufenacil in sequential applications, proved to be an important tool to manage Conyza spp. at different growth stages.