Cross-linked urethane/urea membranes with two soft segments were prepared by extending a poly(propylene oxide) based tri-isocyanate-terminated prepolymer (PUR) with polybutadiene diol (PBDO). The ratio of prepolymer and polybutadiene diol was varied to yield cross-linked membranes with different compositions, exhibiting different degrees of phase-separation of the PBDO segments in the bulk and of surface enrichment in PUR. In this work, surface energy and hemocompatibility aspects (hemolysis and thrombosis) of the PUR/PBDO membranes were evaluated. The results showed that the membrane surface energy increased with the PBDO content until 25% of PBDO, and decreased thereafter. The introduction of the second, more hydrophobic, soft segment (PBDO) in the PUR membranes turned hemolytic into non-hemolytic membranes and, for a blood-material contact time of 10 minutes, decreased the thrombogenicity significantly. The 10% PBDO membrane was the least thrombogenic and was also non-hemolytic. The hemolysis degree did not vary significantly with the PBDO content while, for blood-material contact times of 10 minutes, the thrombogenicity increased with an increase in PBDO content above 10%. Membrane thrombogenicity varied with the blood-material contact time. For blood contact times of 10 minutes, all membranes tested were less thrombogenic than glass.

O milho com tolerância ao herbicida glyphosate (Roundup Ready®) (milho RR®) vem sendo cada vez mais empregado, uma vez que propicia o uso deste herbicida para o controle de plantas daninhas. Assim o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância do híbrido 2B810PW (RR2/LL), submetido à aplicação de glyphosate, glufosinate e atrazine, isolados e associados em pós-emergência (V4). O ensaio foi realizado no campo, na safra 2013/14, e o delineamento adotado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação de glyphosate (1080 g ha-¹ de equivalente ácido - e.a.), glufosinate (500 g ha-¹ de ingrediente ativo - i.a.), atrazine (2000 g ha-¹ i.a.), glyphosate + glufosinate, glyphosate + atrazine, glufosinate + atrazine, glyphosate + glufosinate + atrazine, além da testemunha sem aplicação. Foram avaliadas fitointoxicação aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA) e índice SPAD, aos 21 e 28 DAA. Também foram avaliadas variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho agronômico: altura, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro do colmo, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Em geral, as variáveis não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. O híbrido de milho 2B810 PW apresentou-se tolerante, para a aplicação em pós-emergência (V4) dos herbicidas nas doses utilizadas.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron, aplicados em soja RR/STS. O experimento I constituiu-se da aplicação de doses (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g i. a. ha-1) de chlorimuron-ethyl. Para o experimento II foram aplicadas doses (0; 1,8; 3,6; 5,4 e 7,2 g i. a. ha-1) de metsulfuron-methyl. Para o experimento III foram aplicadas doses (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 g i. a. ha-1) de nicosulfuron. Foi empregado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas: altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta, clorofila A, B e total, condutividade, vigor e germinação das sementes, produtividade e massa de mil sementes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. De maneira geral, as variáveis analisadas não sofreram influência pela aplicação dos herbicidas. O cultivar de soja CD 250 RR/STS apresentou-se tolerante aos herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl e nicosulfuron.

-The aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of ALS inhibitor herbicides, applied isolated and associated with glyphosate in post-emergence of soybean cultivar presenting the RR/STS technologies. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and ten treatments. The treatments consisted of the application of glyphosate and ALS inhibitors herbicides, isolated and associated with glyphosate. The application of treatments occurred in V4 stage of plant development. The evaluation of phytointoxication, SPAD index was conducted, as well as variables related to agronomic performance (height, number of pods per plant, yield and mass of a thousand seeds). Yet additional test with the same cultivar and treatment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. Soybean cultivar CD 2630 RR/STS presented itself tolerant to application in post-emergence herbicides used alone or combined with glyphosate. Except to metsulfuron-methyl (2.4 g a.i. ha -1 ), associated or not with glyphosate (960 g a.e. ha -1 ).Keywords: sulfonylurea tolerant soybeans, phytointoxication, chemical management, Glycine max. Palavras-chave: soja tolerante as sulfoniluréias, fitointoxicação, manejo químico, Glycine max. RESUMO -O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas inibidores da ALS, aplicados isoladamente e associados com glyphosate, em pós-emergência de cultivar de soja contendo as tecnologias RR/STS. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e dez tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da aplicação de glyphosate e herbicidas inibidores da ALS, isolados e associados com glyphosate. A aplicação dos tratamentos

Conyza spp. is among the main weeds reported worldwide. Due to its aggressiveness, such as high seed production and dispersion, and the growing reports of biotypes resistant to glyphosate, paraquat, and other herbicides, different control practices are required. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides with sequential application of glufosinate in soybean pre-sowing for control of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat. The study was carried out in the field, at Assis Chateaubriand and Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, in the 2018/19 season. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted in application of glyphosate, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, glufosinate, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, diclosulam, paraquat/diuron, paraquat and imazethapyr/flumioxazin, at different combinations, in soybean pre-sowing. Control of Conyza spp., crop injury to soybean plants and variables related to agronomic performance (plant height and yield) were evaluated. All treatments were selective for soybean, which showed stronger crop injury in the presence of diclosulam herbicide, but this did not compromise soybean agronomic performance. In general, control levels were high for the treatments used. Except for paraquat treatments, in the area with the highest frequency of Conyza spp. with indicative of resistant to paraquat, and imazethapyr/flumioxazin treatment in both areas. These control results emphasized the importance of glufosinate in this management system and showed promising results for saflufenacil/imazethapyr.

No abstract

The goal was to evaluate the tolerance of maize hybrids 2B810 PW and 30F35 HR to herbicides applied alone and in combination. Trials were carried out in the field in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were three herbicides, alone or in combination, in addition to the control. Herbicides were: atrazine (2000 g ai ha-1); nicosulfuron (50 g ai ha-1) and glyphosate (1080 g ae ha-1). Crop injury was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application and also SPAD index, height, ear height, stem diameter, 1000-grain weight, and yield. In general, the variables were not affected by the treatments. Hybrids 2B810 PW and 30F35 HR showed tolerance to the application in post-emergence (V4) of the herbicides used.

The benefits of glyphosate tolerant crops technology are well-known, and its acceptance by farmers is undeniable. However, results of recent research indicate that, in some situations, glyphosate applied to herbicide-tolerant soybean crops may have phytotoxic effects affecting nutritional balance, photosynthesis and others biochemical process in plants. Despite the increasing information available on this subject, there are still scientific and technical issues that need to be clarified. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of applying different rates, management systems, and formulations of glyphosate to glyphosate-tolerant soybean trough different regions of Brazil in different environmental conditions. Two experiments were conducted over two crop seasons. A 2 × 2 × 5 (formulations × stage of application × doses) factorial design was used in each of them, for a total of 20 treatments with four replications. The study assessed a series of variables related to agronomic performance such as total chlorophyll and yield. The results suggest some problems associated with post-emergent use of glyphosate in tolerant soybean crop as 5% total yield reduction even without phytotoxicity symptoms dependent of season. There was not found any formulation interaction with yield decrease.