SUMMARY This work is part of the research project known as Efficacia: Reduction of energy consumption and environmental impact of the construction of subsidised housing inPalabras clave: Monitorización, demanda energética, eficiencia energética, ahorro energético, viviendas protegidas.
Abstract:The current European energy policies have an influence on the need to rehabilitate the housing stock in order to meet the objectives of the European Union. Most of this housing stock was built without any type of energy regulation in adverse technical and economic conditions and thus is now energetically obsolete. The major rehabilitation effort required must be approached through actions based on previous quantitative energy knowledge of the existing buildings in order to guarantee the efficiency of energy-retrofitted solutions. This assessment can be carried out through monitoring dwellings conditioned by use patterns; through simulation programs, which do not usually offer faithful representations of energy conditions; or by using test cells, which allow us to evaluate a controlled indoor environment without the influence of users. The objective of this paper is to present the design and performance of test cells as an experimental method for vertical facade analysis in order to tackle the problem of retrofitting residential buildings in a Mediterranean climate, taking into account energy and environment. With this equipment, efficiency and energy savings, as well as illumination and interior air quality, can be simultaneously and comprehensively evaluated.
SUMMARYIt can be estimated that approximately half of energy consumption in Spanish residential buildings derives from heating and air conditioning systems. It is therefore advisable to invest in retrofitting projects to reduce energy demand. However, although as a rule energy interventions are expected to bring about significant potential energy savings, it should be noted that this is often not so straightforward, particularly in southern Spain, where there are significant deviations from the expected energy scenario. Recent research shows that in many cases there is no direct relationship between energy demand and real energy use, and the low energy rate is combined with deficiencies in comfort conditions. In order to ensure the real cost-efficiency of the actions is essential, further research for defining these behaviours. The European EnergyTIC project is a continuation of the work already carried out in this context by the EFFICACIA and AMEC research projects.
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RESUMEN
The current scenario of colorimetry shows a wide variety of different metrics which do not converge in the assessment of the color rendering of light sources. The limitations of the Color Rendering Index have promoted the emergence of new metrics, such as the Color Quality Scale. As in the case of the previous metric, these new concepts are based on the analysis of the deviation of different color samples in a color space, contrasting the results with those obtained with a light source reference, which can vary depending on the color temperature. Within this context, the Daylight Spectrum Index is proposed. This new concept aims to determine the affinity with daylighting of electric light sources, comparing the resulting spectral power distributions of the lamps studied and that observed under natural light. The affinity of an electric light source with daylighting allows for lower energy consumption due to the better performance of human vision. The new metric proposed is evaluated following the results obtained from 80 surveys, demonstrating the usefulness of this new concept in the quantification of color rendering of LED lamps and the affinity of electric light sources with daylighting.
This research aims to determine the effect of the lighting smart controls in the energy consumption in buildings, according to the geometry of the room, the window size, the reflectance of the inner surfaces and the location of study. For this purpose, two lighting smart controls are proposed: one based in an On/Off lighting control with separated lines and other with a dimming control. The analysis of both control systems is carried out by using daylight dynamic metrics, such as the daylight autonomy and the continuous daylight autonomy. The results quantify the effect of the architectural variables of the room in the performance of the lighting smart controls.
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