ERUS is an accurate method for staging rectal cancer pre-operatively. Accurate assessment of tumour stage can be achieved immediately by an experienced radiologist without specific training in ERUS. Nodal staging accuracy tends to improve with experience but reaches a plateau after 30 cases.
An unusual cause of intermittent abdominal pain (2006: 5b)Keywords Inverted Meckel's diverticulum . Computed tomography . Small bowel enema . Small bowel series
Case reportA previously healthy 40-year-old patient was referred to the surgical outpatients' department with a history of vague intermittent abdominal pain, lethargy and melaena. Haemoglobin level was 11.9 g/dl, having been 15 g/dl 6 months previously. Findings of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were normal to the second part of the duodenum, and colonoscopy revealed no abnormality. In spite of oral iron therapy the haemoglobin level fell further to 7.9 g/dl. Two units of packed red blood cells were transfused, and the upper GI endoscopy was repeated. On this occasion an angiodysplastic lesion was identified at the second/third part of the duodenum. The patient continued on oral iron therapy, but the haemoglobin level remained low at 8.1 g/dl. Further causes of chronic GI bleeding were therefore sought, as the angiodysplastic lesion was not felt to explain the persistent anaemia. A technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigram gave negative results. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed (Fig. 1) and demonstrated a well-circumscribed low-density mass surrounded by a rim of soft tissue within a contrast medium-filled loop of small bowel. The CT density of this mass measured approximately -30 HU, consistent with fat. Further investigation with a small bowel series was performed. This was initially felt to be normal, but due to the discrepancy with the CT, a small bowel enema was performed (Fig. 2). This proved to be the definitive investigation and demonstrated an intraluminal, elongated, 3-4 cm, polypoid mass within the distal ileum, confirming the CT findings. Review of an earlier small bowel series showed that the mass was demonstrated but not recognised at the time (Fig. 3). This mass was presumed to be the cause of the ongoing chronic GI bleeding, and a laparotomy was performed.At laparotomy a short section of distal small bowel was found to be intussuscepted and contained the radiologically demonstrated mass. This section of small bowel was resected with and an end-to-end anastomosis.Pathology examination revealed a large, elongated lesion (measuring 20 mm×15 mm×15 mm), with a stalk and erosion at its tip. The mass lesion consisted of adipose tissue within an inverted intestinal wall, consistent with an inverted Meckel's diverticulum. No ectopic gastric or pancreatic tissues were present within the diverticulum, which explained why the initial scintigraphy findings were normal.
have higher daytime systolic BP (137±10 vs 125±10 mmHg; p<0.001) and rates of atrial fibrillation (13.2% vs 4.9% ; p= 0.031) compared to those with normal nocturnal BP, which could have confounded the analysis. There was a significant difference in median NT-proBNP across all dipping groups (p=0.043). Risers had the highest plasma NT-proBNP in comparison to other dipping groups combined:198pg/mL (IQR: 119-198) vs 135 pg/mL (IQR: 82.25-234.75) (p=0.02). (See figure 1). Conclusion Patients with NH had higher plasma NT-proBNP levels than those without nocturnal hypertension. Risers had the highest NT-proBNP data and therefore may be at increased risk of heart failure compared to other subgroups. This study provides evidence that nocturnal hypertension and abnormal dipping, pattern is associated with adverse cardiac physiological changes. This observation lends support for initiating the use of 24hour-ABPM to identify those with subclinical target organ damage for risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.
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