Irrational use of medicines is widespread throughout the world. Polypharmacy, injudicious use of antimicrobials and unnecessary use of vitamins are commonly observed. In an attempt to observe the prescribing practices in a Teaching Hospital outpatient departments and to sensitize the future prescribers about rational prescribing, 1200 prescriptions were collected and analyzed by 4th year MBBS students using some of the WHO/INRUD core drug prescribing indicators. The average number of drug per prescription was 3.24. Only 0 13% drugs prescribed under generic names. Around 36.83% of prescriptions were prescribed with antimicrobials and 7.08% prescriptions were contained injections. About 48.35 drugs were prescribed from essential list of drugs and vitamins were prescribed in 33.33% prescriptions. The result revealed that there are apparent lacks of prescribing habit among the prescribers even in a teaching hospital. It is suggested that the periodic evaluation of prescribing practices at a health facility would eventually help to promote rational prescribing. Furthermore, participation of 4th year MBBS students in such exercise may enhance the understanding and sensitize them about rational use of medicines in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i2.18499 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(2): 19-22
Adverse drug Reactions (ADRs) is a global problem of major health concern. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs is the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance. However, underreporting is a huge problem due to lack of reporting culture among medical practitioners. This observational descriptive study was done with the aim to find out the response of reporting adverse drug reactions among medical practitioners and to describe pattern of adverse drug reactions during their practice. Self administered ADR reporting form was distributed to one teaching hospital and ten (10) medical practitioners during the period of December 2009 to December 2010. Total 85 report forms were supplied and response rate was 35% (30185). Among 30 reported cases 16 (53%) were due to antimicrobial, agents and other 14 (47%) cases were due to NSA!Ds, anti psychotics, antidiabetic, antithyroidal, antiepileptics, muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents. 15 cases (50%) need hospitalization for AD Rs, 04 (13%) cases suffer > 1 month and one (3%) case was fatal. 20 cases (67%) express hypersensitivity reaction of various grade and rest reports septicemia, fever, palpitation, tachycardia, dryness of mouth, abdominal pain, swelling of limb, heart burn, restlessness, anorexia, apnoea during anesthesia. All reaction is very important and successfully managed by physicians but reporting not done may be due to lack of awareness. So, steps should be taken at different levels to increase the awareness of reporting adverse drug reactions among medical practitioners and we should strengthen pharmacovigilance in our country DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i2.18498 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(2): 13-18
The ability to predict stresses and failures caused by out-of-plane loads has gained importance as airframe manufacturers begin to use integral (co-cured or bonded) composite structures to minimize weight and maximize performance. Rapid and accurate analysis methods are needed to reduce the amount of testing required to ensure confidence in integral composite structures. Recently, simple two-dimensional analysis methods were developed to predict the out-of-plane failure strengths of composite airframe structures. These analyses were primarily derived to address induced stresses in laminate corner radii, direct stresses as a result of fuel pressure loads, induced stresses as a result of panel buckling, and induced stresses as a result of stiffener runouts or other load path changes. The development and verification of analyses for out-of-plane failures have shown the need for out-of-plane material properties and strength allowables that are not traditionally determined for composite laminates. Accurate stress and failure predictions depend heavily on these experimentally determined values. The test methods and experience gained in this program indicate the need for new techniques to determine the interlaminar properties required for accurate stress and failure predictions. Test techniques are suggested for determining some of the values necessary for these predictions.
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