This paper deals with the problem of rational energy management in an intermittently heated broiler house. The aim was to evaluate the energy amount necessary to heat up the building floor for the production cycle, preceded by a technological interruption of varying length. The scope of studies included the indoor and outdoor air temperature measurements and the soil temperature measurements under the building floor. The results of field tests allowed computer simulations to be carried out in the WUFIplussoftware (Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Holzkirchen Branch, Germany). The variant analysis was preceded by the validation of the calculation model whose results showed a strong correlation of theoretical data with actual results. The winter breeding cycle was analyzed in detail. The detailed soil and air temperature curves are presented graphically. The results allow a conclusion that the length of the technological interruption has a significant impact on the amount of energy in the first days of the broiler breeding. The extension of the technological interruption by seven days increases the amount of heating energy in the first day of the cycle by 24%. The extension of the technological interruption causes also the need for a longer floor heating in the first day of the cycle.

The thesis presents the analysis of development of selected parameters of microclimate in a standalone cellar plunged into soil. The scope of studies included measurement of air internal and external temperature and relative humidity of internal and external air. The thesis also concerns the analysis of heat exchange of cellar compartments with the surrounding soil. The studies were carried out from July 11, 2012 to July 10, 2013. The analysis of the obtained results of studies proved that the internal air temperature in the examined cellar was mainly formed by the external air temperature as well as by the surrounding soil. For 42% of storage period, the thermal conditions in the cellar plunged into soil were unfavorable which disqualifies the cellar's purpose for storage of vegetables, e.g. potatoes. Too high temperature was observed in the initial and final period. Favorable storage conditions were experienced only in the period from December 14, 2012 to April 11, 2013. To adjust this kind facility for storage of vegetables, thermal insulation of compartments and installation of cooling units is required.

The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the location of a cyclically heated building on its energy needs and interaction with the environment. The model building was a large-scale broiler house located in southern Poland. In the examined facility, year-round measurements of selected parameters of the internal and external microclimate were carried out. The tests also covered the temperature of the soil in three measurement columns. The obtained measurement results were used for further computer analyses. A geometric model of the building was made and a calculation model specification was introduced, supported by specialized software for the physics of WUFI®plus structures. The numerical analysis included validation. The validation results were assessed on the basis of the Coefficient of Determination method (R2) and the Goodness of Fit (GOF) method. Due to the lack of normality of the data distribution, a Rang-Spearman correlation analysis was carried out, which showed a very strong data correlation (0.94). The analysis of the R2 coefficient of determination confirmed the high reliability of the model (83%). In the case of the GOF method, a compliance value of 87% was obtained. Differentiated locations were adopted for further analysis, while maintaining the structure of the examined building in reality. Six European locations were selected: Kraków (Poland), Málaga (Spain), Brest (France), Visby (Sweden), Umea (Sweden), and Kiruna (Sweden). The analysis included three variants, in which the length of the technological break was adopted accordingly. A technological break between production cycles was assumed, the three variants of which lasted 3, 7, and 14 days. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the external microclimate significantly determines the energy interaction between the building and the ground. The length of the technological break is very important in a climate dominated by low temperatures (Northern Scandinavia). The south-western part of Europe allows the technological break to be extended without significant differences for heating purposes. The length of the technological break in the range of 3 to 14 days does not significantly affect the intensity of heat exchange with the ground on a yearly basis, regardless of the location of the building. There were differences of no more than 2% between the technological break lasting 3 days and the 14-day break.

In the light of climate changes related to global warming forecasted by scientists, preventive measures against negative impact of solar radiation on dairy cattle welfare become vital. Apart from sprinklers and fans, different forms of shading, like native trees, extension of eaves or shade screens are increasingly often mentioned. The aim of the present studies was to determine the effect of barn type and orientation on the penetration of solar radiation into sidewall stalls during summer. A non-stationary analysis was performed for 3 types of curtain-sided freestall barns most commonly used in Poland, in which a model analysis of insolation was performed taking into account geographical location of Poland, azimuth and sun angles. The obtained results allowed us to identify optimal orientation of barns and to suggest the simplest technical measures to protect sidewall stalls from solar heat gain deleterious to cows. The model analysis of stall shading demonstrated that extension of barn eaves to 1 m on the southern side reduced the insolation of stalls over even up to 90% of their area.

This paper presents an analysis of thermal interaction between a building and surrounding soil. The examined building was located in southern Poland. Measurements of selected indoor and outdoor air temperature parameters were made in order to determine the boundary conditions. The soil temperature measurements were conducted at 42 points. The analysis of results is divided into four periods: summer, autumn, winter, and spring. The analysis show that weather conditions significantly affect the temperature in soil, but the range of residential building impact decreases with distance, and it varies depending on the season. The residential building impact on the soil temperature is in the range of 1.2–3.3 m. This paper also includes a study of the heat flow direction in soil and a quantitative estimate of heat exchange between a building and the soil. The greatest energy losses 2082 kWh (21.24 kWh/m2) from the building to the soil were recorded in winter. In spring, the energy losses were reduced by about 38% as compared with the energy losses in winter, and the energy losses in spring were comparable to autumn.

This article presents experimental research on hygrothermal conditions in a historic wooden church in southern Poland. The scope of the research included the continuous monitoring of temperature and relative humidity in several measuring plots in different areas inside and outside of the church. We also continuously monitored the number of people attending services. This study presents a detailed analysis of the development of heat and humidity conditions within the church. A model of the object was developed, and a computational analysis of the risk of condensation of water vapor on the inner surface of the partitions was carried out. An analysis of the results showed a large variation in the temperature and humidity conditions in the church. The internal temperature ranged from −9.7 to 25.9 °C, and the relative humidity of the indoor air ranged from 45.6% to 91.6%. The test results showed that the temperature and humidity of the indoor air periodically exceeded the accepted values of thermal comfort for historic buildings. The analysis of the obtained research results showed that the humidity and humidity conditions in the church mainly depend on the climatic zone and the number of people participating in the services. Moreover, an analysis of the results showed no risk of condensation on the wooden partitions of the church, but it should be noted that the temperature of the partitions was subject to rapid fluctuations (from −8.0 to 24.6 °C), which may have a negative impact on these historic wooden objects.

The paper presents the analysis of hygrothermal conditions of external partitions in an underground fruit store. The results of measurements of temperature and humidity of the indoor and outdoor air as well as the surface surrounding temperature and the temperature of the air surrounding the store constituted the boundary conditions for the hygrothermal calculations. The paper presents the calculation of the distribution of the temperature and humidity on the ground floor, the wall contacting the ground, the wall contacting the outside air, and the ceiling above the storage chamber. The heat and moisture calculations have shown high risk of condensation submerged in non-insulated external walls. The condition of the adaptation of a traditional cold store to a simple and atmosphere controlled cold one is to increase the thermal resistance of the partitions. Such a solution will let cut the energy demand in those types of agricultural buildings.

The paper deals with the impact of the technological break duration during the cold storage cycle on the energy demand of the cold store for vegetables and fruit and the temperature distribution in the ground under the cold store. The studied facility was a two-chamber vegetable cold store located in southern Poland used to store carrots (Daucus carota) for nine months a year. The experiments were conducted for 12 months (01.05.2017–30.04.2018). The technological break during this period lasted three months (from 1 July 2018 to 30 September 2018). Continuous measurements (with 1-h frequency) were made in order to determine the boundary conditions for numerical analysis. The measured parameters included indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, ground temperature under the building and in its vicinity. There were 22 measuring points andPT100 sensors were used. The numerical analysis was based on the elementary balances method. WUFIplus® software was used as a calculation supporting tool. The numerical analysis was conducted for 14 calculation variants, with different duration of technological break. The calculation model validation was performed and the results showed a good correlation with the experimental data. The results of experimental studies and of calculations showed a significant impact of the technological break duration on the soil distribution in the ground and the building energy demand. A technological break of less than 4 weeks is the most optimal in the summer. The technological break longer than 4 weeks significantly affects the cooling energy demand in the first days of the cooling cycle and significantly extends the time necessary for the ground and the floor to reach the optimum temperature. The analysis of the floor temperature results (points A1–C1) showed that the technological break longer than four weeks causes the average floor temperature to exceed 4.0 °C. Therefore, the optimum solution is technological break lasting 7–35 days. Absence of technological break results in a decrease of energy gains from the ground by 20% relative to a three-month technological break. The impact of technological break duration was clearly seen in terms of energy losses from the cold store to the ground. In case of a 91-day technological break, the energy losses to the ground were 1289.5 kWh/a, while in case of absence of technological break this value was ninefold lower (147.5 kWh/a).