Introduction and objective. Heat stress induces the expression of genes encoding heat-shock proteins and immune response mediators. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the expression of genes encoding heat-shock proteins 70 kDa and27 kDa, interleukin 6, interleukin 10and C-reactive protein, between athletes and non-athletes after sauna bathing. Materials and method. Athletes (n=9) and non-athletes (n=9) were exposed to a Finnish sauna twice during one session at a temperature of 98.2 °C and humidity of 10% ± 2%, with a 5 min break for cooling down under a shower. The groups did not differ in terms of age, height or body mass. Blood samples were taken before and after sauna exposure in order to assess gene expression, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. Differences were observed in leukocyte mRNA levels of tested genes between athletes and non-athletes. In the non-athlete group, all the tested genes were expressed at higher levels as a response to the same heat challenge. Conclusion. It appears that expression of stress-related genes induced by heat stress is dependent on the level of physical activity.

Previous studies on Italian speech showed that the percentage of vocalic portion in the utterance (%V) and the duration of the interval between two consecutive vowel onset points (VtoV) were larger for parkinsonian (PD) than for healthy controls (HC). Especially, the values of %V were distinctly separated between PD and HC. The present study aimed to further test the finding on Mandarin and Polish. Twenty-five Mandarin speakers (13 PD and 12 HC matched on age) and thirty-one Polish speakers (18 PD and 13 HC matched on age) read aloud a passage of story. The recorded speeches were segmented into vocalic and consonantal intervals, and then %V and VtoV were calculated. For both languages, VtoV overlapped between HC and PD. For Polish, %V was distinctly higher in PD than in HC, while for Mandarin there was no significant difference. It suggests that %V could be used for automatic diagnosis of PD for Italian and Polish, but not for Mandarin. The effectiveness of the rhythmic metric appears to be language-dependent, varying with the rhythmic typology of the language.

Objective. The study aimed to evaluate the application of ERPs neuromarkers for the assessment and treatment of a patient with chronic crossed aphasia after severe TBI and a long-term coma. Case report. An ambidextrous female patient, aged 29, suffered from posttraumatic chronic crossed aphasia, severe TBI and a prolonged coma after a car accident. The patient took part in two differentiated rehabilitation programmes of neurotherapy included 20 sessions of relative beta training and 20 sessions of rTMS; both programmes were combined with behavioural training. The patient was tested 3 times: before the experiment, after completion of programme A, and after completion of programme B. Results. In the 1 st recording, the neuromarker of aphasia was found -an excess of the P2 wave over the left temporal area. There was a cognitive control deficit -an excess of omission errors and an increase of RT variability -all indexes of sporadic ADHD. In the 2 nd recording, slight improvements in cognitive control, and language functions were found. In the 3 rd recording, after the rTMS sessions most of her cognitive dysfunctions had been resolved, including language functions. It should be stressed that the activation (especially the increase in the ERP potential of the right side over the frontal lobe) was found. The neuromarker of aphasia did not change, only the location had slightly moved frontally. Conclusions. The application of ERP neuromarkers assists in the diagnosis, treatment, and academic success of an ambidextrous patient with chronic posttraumatic aphasia and sporadic ADHD. ERPs can be used to assess the functional brain changes induced by neurotherapeutical programmes.

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Introduction: Among the consequences of Parkinson's disease are disorders in body composition and weight loss. Aim of the research: An analysis of body composition of patients with Parkinson's disease treated with L-dopa. Material and methods: A group of 32 patients was examined, including 26 (81.25%) females and 6 (18.75%) males. The study was conducted in the Laboratory for Posturology in the Institute of Physiotherapy at the faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, which consists of the evaluation of resistance to the flow of an electric current. Results and conclusions: The majority of body composition parameters remained within the normal ranges. The mean body mass index (BMI) index in patients with Parkinson' disease was 24.12 kg/m 2 and remained within the normal range. The metabolic age of patients was 42.34 years and was considerably lower than the calendar age-54.28 years. Highly significant differences were observed between males and females according to body height (Z = 3.7541; p = 0.0002), body weight (Z = 3.2592; p = 0.0011), fat mass (%) (Z = 3.1627; p = 0.0016), fat-free mass (kg) (Z = 3.7417; p = 0.0002), muscle mass (kg) (Z = 3.7421; p = 0.0002), visceral fat (Z = 1.9892; p = 0.0467), total body water (kg), total body water content (%) (Z = 3.7428; p = 0.0002), extracellular water (kg) (Z = 3.7448; p = 0.0002), intracellular fluid (kg) (Z = 3.7424; p = 0.0002), and the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (%) (Z = 2.9223; p = 0.0035). There were also significant positive correlations between metabolic age and the Overall Stability Index (r = 0.4057, p = 0.0212) and Front-Back Stability Index (r = 0.3507, p = 0.0490). Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Jedną z konsekwencji choroby Parkinsona są zaburzenia składu ciała i redukcja jego masy. Cel pracy: Analiza składu ciała pacjentów z chorobą Parkinsona leczonych L-dopą. Materiał i metody: Przebadano grupę 32 osób, w tym 26 (81,25%) kobiet i 6 (18,75%) mężczyzn. Badanie wykonano w Laboratorium Posturologii w Instytucie Fizjoterapii na Wydziale Lekarskim i Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach. Skład ciała oceniano metodą impedancji bioelektrycznej. Wyniki i wnioski: Większość parametrów składu ciała badanych mieściła się w normie. Średni wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI) pacjentów z chorobą Parkinsona wynosił 24,12 kg/m 2. Wiek metaboliczny badanych wynosił 42,34 roku i był znacz nie niższy od wieku kalendarzowego-54,28 roku. Wysoce istotne różnice między kobietami a mężczyznami dotyczyły wysokości ciała (Z =

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression of genes associated with cellular stress response in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBC) in healthy women. Materials and method. The experiment took place at the Japanese Martial Arts Centre "DOJO" in Stara Wieś, Poland, conducted over the course of a 4-day qigong training session. To evaluate the genes effect of this training, blood samples were taken before and after the training period. This experiment involved 20 healthy women (aged 56.2±9.01, body height 164.8±6.5 and mass 65.5±8.2). To determine the expression of HSF-1, HSPA1A, NF-kB, IL10 and CCL2 mRNA, 3 ml of venous blood was collected. The blood samples were placed in tubes allowing for separation (BD Vacutainer CPT

Introduction. The paper presents an example of the successful administration of the Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system. Such an approach is of particular significance in cases of patients with speech and language deterioration, which is observed in a nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA-G). Regaining the ability to communicate with others proves to be very important for the patients' self-esteem and enables them to restore previously broken social bonds. Case history. The patient A.G., aged 73, a right-handed woman, had been a teacher of Polish before suffering from speech disorders of the PPA-G type. As the disease progressed, her communication deteriorated and finally she developed mutism. The patient was given a clinical and imaging-supported diagnosis of an isolated nonfluent/ agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (PPA-G). The Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system specially designed for her needs was introduced to help the patient to regain the possibility to communicate. After 20 sessions of training with the use of simple equipment she was again able to communicate non-verbally with her son and with the staff of the nursing home. At the same time, a considerable improvements in her social functioning, including daily activities, was observed. Conclusions. Loss of the ability to communicate with others has a serious impact upon a patient's quality of life, and often results in withdrawal and an inability to lead an independent life. The introduction of the Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system proves to be a great help, not only for regaining the ability to communicate, but also for the restoration of social bonds. In consequence, the previously mute patient begins to show signs of social cooperation.

Significant changes were observed on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Modern neurotechnologies measures are necessary to capture all the changes in the symptoms of anxiety before and after the operation for a carotid stenosis. ERPs might be used to select patients with neuromarker of perioperative anxiety, and subsequently to serve in proper psychological care and minimalize the perioperative risk of complications.