A case-control study was conducted to estimate the radiation-induced acute leukemia risk for the period 1987-1997 among residents aged 0 -20 at the time of the Chernobyl accident in the most radioactively contaminated territories of the Ukraine (Rivno and Zhytomir regions). Data were collected on 272 leukemia cases diagnosed between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1997. Of these, 98 cases were verified and interviewed. Verified cases were compared to 151 randomly selected controls matched by age, gender and type of settlement. The mean value of the estimated accumulated equivalent dose to the bone marrow was 4.5 mSv, and the maximum value was 101 mSv. A statistically significant increased risk of leukemia was found among males whose estimated radiation exposure was higher than 10 mSv. This association was statistically significant for acute leukemia cases that occurred in the period 1993-1997, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A similar association was found for acute myeloid leukemia, diagnosed in the period 1987-1992.
Study results suggest that the increased risk of leukaemia and acute leukaemia among those children born in 1986 and resident in radioactively contaminated territories may be associated with exposure to radiation resulting from the Chernobyl accident.
Sorption-desorption behaviour of uranium (U), cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) was examined by quantification of the solid-liquid distribution coefficients (K(d)) using batch method in typical podzol soils from Ukraine. The effect of different physico-chemical parameters of soil on K(d) values has been discussed. Sorption reversibility has been tested by single extraction test. U shows reversible sorption and there was no isotopic fractionation observed with a known isotopic U composition using as tracer. Cs sorption mostly occurred in an irreversible manner. The clay content and exchangeable potassium in soil play an important role in Cs fixation. Sr adsorption is observed to be reversible and mainly controlled by cation exchange and shows highest mobility in the soil-water system. The K(d) values are found in the decreasing order U (log K(d) ≈ 2-3) > Cs (log K(d) ≈ 2) > Sr (log K(d) ≈ 1).
Daily iodine intake in Ukrainian subjects of northwestern regions was estimated in relation to the health effects on inhabitants after the Chernobyl accident. Total diets were collected from 106 locations for children and adult males by a duplicate portion study. Iodine was rapidly determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after chemical separation. Iodine concentration on a dry basis for Ukrainians was 0.11 microg g(-1) and the daily iodine intake was in the range of 2.80-372 microg per person. The median, geometric mean, and standard deviation were 28.1, 32.7, and 2.51 microg, respectively. The yearly trend of the intake had almost no change. Regional differences would be expected to exist among the 10 areas of the Ukraine, but no clear differences appeared in the present findings. Daily iodine intake in Ukrainians was lower than the recommended dietary intake (RDI) allowance (150 microg), and its lack would be related to the high prevalence of goiter in the country.
Dietary iodine and bromine intakes in Ukrainian subjects were estimated in relation to the health effects on inhabitants after the Chernobyl accident. Two hundred and eighty-six total diets were collected from twenty-five regions for Ukrainians by a duplicate portion study. Iodine and bromine were rapidly determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after chemical separation. The range, median, and geometric mean of iodine intakes were 2.86-698, 44.7, and 48.1 microg per person per day, respectively. Those of bromine were 0.627-16.9, 2.97, and 2.92 mg per person per day, respectively. Daily intakes of both elements in Ukrainians were lower than previously reported values. The iodine intake in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident was lower than that in non-contaminated areas. The low iodine intake in both areas would be related to the high prevalence of goiters throughout the whole country. The low bromine intakes indicated Ukrainians were not exposed to bromine-containing foods.
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