Coronatine (1), produced by Pseudomonas coronafacience var. atropurpúrea, is a toxin which induces chlorosis on the leaves of Italian ryegrass; it also expands potato cells at concentrations of 1 X 10-7 mol/1.1 In this communication, we forward structure 1 for coronatine on the basis of spectroscopic data of the derivatives and x-ray crystallographic analysis of coronafacic acid (2b). 151-153 °C was formulated as C18H25O4N {m/e M+ found, 319.1753; caled, 319.1731) and shows the following spectral data, UV XmaxEtOH 208 nm (e 8378); IR iwKBr 1740 (fivemembered ring C=0), 1620 (C=C), 3270,1645,1525 cm-1 (-CONH-); NMR (90 MHz) ¿Me4SiCD3COCD3 0.94 (6 H, t, J = 7 Hz, CH2C//3), 3.15 (1 H, br. q, -CHCO), 6.50 (1 H, s, =CH). The high resolution mass spectrum of 1 indicates

Diet samples were collected by a duplicate portion method from 31 locations in Japan and were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Average daily intakes per adult male were estimated at 1.7 mBq for 232Th and 8.8 mBq for 238U.

Daily intakes of 232Th and 238U and contributions of food categories to those nuclide intakes in Japanese were estimated using a market basket study for 18 food categories. Food categories having higher 238U contents (per g-fresh) were found to be as follows: seaweeds 1,140 microBq; fishes and shellfishes 37 microBq; nuts and seeds 11 microBq; bean products 8.6 microBq; and cooked meals 7.3 microBq. Big contributors to the daily 238U intake in Japan were as follows: seaweeds (50%); fishes and shellfishes (26%); and bean products (4.3%). For 232Th, higher contents (per g-fresh) were found as follows: seaweeds 28 microBq; fishes and shellfishes 13 microBq; nuts and seeds 8.2 microBq; green vegetables 3.9 microBq; cooked meals 3.5 microBq; and bean products 2.9 microBq. Big contributors to the daily 232Th intake were as follows: fishes and shellfishes (44%); green vegetables (11%); bean products (7.4%); and seaweeds (6.0%). For both nuclides, marine food products were big contributors, while minor contributors were oil and fats, eggs, and cooked meals. Daily intakes of 232Th and 238U in Japan were estimated to be 2.7 mBq and 14 mBq per person from the intakes of the 18 categories, respectively. Annual effective doses were estimated to be 232Th, 2.2 x 10(-7) Sv, and 238U, 2.2 x 10(-7) Sv.

No abstract

No abstract