The footwear industry in Indonesia is considered important as it is one of the largest contributors to employment and income for the country. Besides the formal manufacturers, the sector also comprises informal or home-based ones. More than 50% of this home-based footwear industry in Indonesia is located in Cibaduyut, Bandung. The main issues related to it are the lack of awareness of the risks embeded in the work environment, and the safety and ergonomics of the employees. Therefore, research was conducted to evaluate these aspects in order to ensure the future sustainability of the industry. Three questionnaires were employed for the study, the Participatory Action Training for the Informal Sector (PATRIS) questionnaire, the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the Employee Perceptions of Participatory Ergonomics Questionnaire (EPPEQ), in order to evaluate safety and ergonomic practice related to current activities, based on four representative shoe workshop samples. The ILO-PATRIS checklist shows that the four shoe workshops require improvements in both their facilities and working environments (p < 0.01). The NOSACQ-50 analysis shows that the safety climate levels of employees were 84% low and 16% moderate, while those of owners were 27% low and 73% moderate. This shows a significant difference between the safety climates of employees and owners (p < 0.05), with a strong relationship (r = 0.88). The ergonomic analysis of employee participation based on EPPEQ shows that all workers displayed acceptable levels. However, linear regression analysis shows that ergonomic activity has no significant relationship with facilities, work environment or work safety climate (p > 0.05). ILO-PATRIS complements NOSACQ-50 in measuring the safety climate of small and medium sized enterprises, especially home-based shoe workshops. Overall, the four shoe workshops need to improve their working environment, work facilities, safety climate and participatory ergonomics of the employees.

Application of Job Safety Analysis and Risk Score Methods to ImproveOccupational Safety and Health in the Printing, Sewing and Assembly Department of PT. PAI, Bandung (An Ergonomic Participatory Approach). The footwear industry problem lies in the working environment and facilities that do not meet the standards for the health and safety of workers, necessary improvements must be made. This research was used the questionnaire and observation to evaluate the activities of the work process. The EPPEQ questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of ergonomic participation in the activities examined. In addition the questionnaire, this research was also conducted observation in order to measure the risk level of the workplace and for improving the work system using PE (participatory ergonomics). The results showed that 3 workstations have high-risk levels, 4 stations have medium risk levels and 2 workstations have a low level of risk. The results of workers participation level using the EPPEQ ergonomics questionnaire showed that the level of ergonomic activity was fairly high, but based on the linear regression, the level of ergonomic activity does not differ in terms of the footwear workshop facilities, the work environment or the safety climate. Conclusion, there were 3 workstations with a high-risk score that should be immediately improved (the Glueing workstations, the Primering workstations, and the Leaching workstations). Specific improvements that need to be made are: First, for the Glueing workstation they include the use of APD and the addition of an air suction device, for the Primering workstation the use of APD and a Gleco Trap for liquid storage; Second, for the Laundering workstation the use of APD, and for the Emboss workstation the improvement consists of making additional buttons. Abstrak: Penerapan Metode Job Safety Analysis and Risk Score untuk MeningkatkanKeselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Departemen Printing, Sewing dan Assembly PT. PAI, Bandung (Suatu Pendekatan Participatory Ergonomic). Masalah dalam industri sepatu adalah fasilitas dan lingkungan kerja belum memenuhi standar kesehatan dan keselamatan pekerja sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Instrumen penelitian kuesioner dan observasi untuk mengevaluasi kegiatan proses kerja. Kuesioner EPPEQ digunakan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat aktivitas ergonomi partisipasi. Selain menyebarkan kuesioner, penelitian juga melakukan observasi untuk pengukuran tingkat risiko tempat kerja dan melakukan perbaikan sistem kerja dengan menggunakan PE (participatory ergonomics). Hasil perhitungan 3 stasiun kerja yang mempunyai tingkat risiko tinggi, 4 stasiun mempunyai tingkat risiko sedang dan 2 stasiun kerja mempunyai tingkat risiko rendah. Hasil perhitungan tingkat ergonomi partisipasi pekerja menggunakan kuesioner EPPEQ menunjukkan aktivitas ergonomi yang cukup bagus, namun berdasarkan regresi linear tingkat aktivitas ergonomi tidak berbeda terhadap fasilitas workshop sepatu dan lingkungan kerja serta iklim keselamatan kerja. Disimpulkan bahwa ada 3 stasiun ke...

This research concerns with the applications of participatory ergonomics (PE) for workplace improvement in the laminating and cutting department of a shoe industry, PT Primarindo Asia Infrastructure TBK. PE refers to making employees, managers, ergonomists, health and safety personnel and research experts take part in the system design progresses early and completelly to increase their autonomy and direct influence on all aspects of the work that they are going to perform. The implementation of PE consists of the following steps: (1) the analysis of workplace conditions based on International Labour Organization's safety standard checklist (2) hazard identification using Job Safety Analysis (3) risk score determination and (4) recommendation on what to be improved. In this respect we recommend to provide personal protective equipment for the employees, safety division also to improve the workplace safety.

ISO 31000 has become essential for the practical implication of risk engineering to industry in Indonesia. The National Standardization Body has decided to make ISO 31000 the National standard for the principle and guidance of risk engineering in industry. Meanwhile, the reference for implementating ISO 31000 is very limited, especially in the footwear industry which has significant volume in Indonesian industry. This article gives a description of the implementation and impact of ISO 31000 with respect to a company's risk engineering strategy on the production floor in the footwear industry. The implementation of risk engineering begins with establishing a context to determine any analysis consideration. The next step is the execution of the risk engineering process, which consists of four major steps: risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk treatment. Some techniques used in the risk engineering process are semi-structured interview, root cause analysis, consequence/probability matrix, and cost benefit analysis. Fourty five risks are identified from the company studied. From the risk evaluation, 14 risks are identified as risks that require special treatments. Those risks shall become the priority of management. The process of risk engineering discovered risk in safety. Therefore, safety engineering was implemented to improve the system.

Safety climate refers to an individual's perception of safety in the workplace, which is essential in the labor-intensive industries, one of which is the footwear industry. References about the implementation of safety climate measurements are still lacking. This study focuses on the safety climate amongst management and employees, the correlation between climates and safety performance, along with the employees' perspective in safety management in a footwear company in Bandung. Indonesian translations of Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire responses from 163 employees and ten supervisors (managers) were verified by observations of workplace conditions coupled with informal discussions with the supervisors. Findings show that safety perception of the managers is similar to the employees. From the observations of the workplace conditions and discussions with the members of the industry, the managers' responses reflected the espoused policies. Meaning, there is an indication of misalignment between the espoused policies and enacted practices. Several managerial implications are suggested to develop a better safety climate.