Selenate and selenite are considered emerging contaminants and pose a risk to living organisms. Since selenium anion species are at low concentration in aquatic environments, materials for its retention are required to enable monitoring. Herein, hydrotalcite was calcined and characterised to investigate sorption and desorption of selenite and selenate in competition with nitrate, sulfate and phosphate. Sorption experiments were carried out in batch system and desorption by sequential dilution. Selenite and selenate concentration remaining after N desorption steps was determined by mass balance. The isotherms were adjusted to the dual-mode Langmuir-Freundlich model (R > 0.99). Maximum sorption capacity ranged from 494 to 563 meq kg for selenite and from 609 to 659 meq kg for selenate. Sulfate and phosphate ions showed greater competitive effect on the sorption of selenate and selenite, respectively. Low mobilization factors and high sorption efficiency (MF<3%; SE ≈ 100%) indicated that calcined hydrotalcite has the wanted characteristics for retention of relevant selenium anion species in aqueous media.
Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence Technique (EDXRF) was employed to study the effects of the fumagina disease on the elementary chemical composition of the leaves. The experimental set up consisted of a Mo X-ray tube (K
An X-ray tube with a Mo target and Zr filter, operated at 45 kV/20 mA, was used to excite samples (5 microL deposited on a quartz support) and the total reflection angle condition was obtained with a double reflector module built with two 10-cm-long 7-mm-thick quartz crystals placed 50 microns apart. A high-resolution spectrometer based on a Si(Li) detector coupled to a multichannel analyzer was used for X-ray detection and the spectra were interpreted with the AXIL software. The system was calibrated with standard chemical solutions containing Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb, and Y was used as an internal standard to correct eventual geometric errors and high-voltage instabilities of the X-ray generator. The limits of detection were 19, 9, 5, and 4 ng/mL for Cr, Fe, Cu, and Zn, respectively, analyzed through characteristic K alpha X-rays, and 7 ng/mL for Pb, through L alpha X-rays, considering 50 microL samples deposited and dried on a quartz support, to be excited/detected for 1000 s.
Portable Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence is a viable, cost and time effective analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of a wide range of samples. The objective of this study is to present a methodology for quantification of nail polishes, eye shadows, lipsticks and lip gloss using thin film geometry. The samples were applied over thin films, simulating its use on face and nails. It was possible to quantify S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba and Bi. The methodology is viable and could be useful to forensic science, quality control on industry of raw materials or final products and supervision by regulatory agencies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.