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In the context of the extensive Brazilian coastal zone, the Patos Lagoon estuary comes across as the contemporary dilemma between the economic development and the environmental conservation in a conspicuous way. Deep changes in the environmental and socioeconomic scenario are expected in the near future, due to the big projects of economic development planned for the region, such as a paper mill industrial complex, a deepening of the navigation channel of the estuary from 15 to 18 m and the implantation of a shipyard to build up petroleum marine platforms.Taking into consideration such trends, a program of Integrated Coastal Zone Management at Patos Lagoon estuary -Costa Sul Program, has been conducted since 2005 with the purpose of promoting sustainable development in this estuary. The project is oriented to four main strategies: 1) building capacity in the local government and empowerment of the local community; 2) restoration of coastal habitat and fishery resources; 3) to provide alternatives of rental for the rural coastal communities; and 4) to develop a comprehensive coastal management plan with active participation of the civil society, integrating the federal and state environmental policies, and programs and projects with the local ones. This paper will describe some results obtained at this time and will present some lessons learned.

In Rio Grande do Sul State, there are four marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farms in the municipal districts of São José do Norte and Rio Grande, and other four with previous license for operation. Thus, the present study aimed to identify and characterize areas for marine shrimp farming located in the Southern portion of the Patos Lagoon estuary (32 • 00 S 52 • 00 W) by employing the analysis of satellite remote sensing (Landsat TM and ETM+/Google Earth), airborne remote sensing (35mm system ADAR 1000), terrestrial remote sensing (RICOH 500SE), and field expeditions, integrating data in a Geographical Information System (IDRISI Andes). As a result, the enterprises were built on coastal fields or in obliterated dune areas, which are favorable for cultivation. The proximity of possible consuming markets and local labor, relatively good access roads and local technical support also favor the projects. However, there must be caution in terms of changes in the original projects, which could cause environmental impacts and noncompliance of environmental norms, such as the occupation of salt marsh areas. Based on the obtained information, instruments can be created to help inherent legal decision-making to manage the activity for futures enterprises.

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RESUMO Considerando o rápido desenvolvimento das atividades relacionadas a aquicultura no mundo, é cada vez mais necessário o uso de métodos visando à seleção de locais potenciais para o seu desenvolvimento. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo definir áreas propícias para o desenvolvimento da carcinicultura marinha em viveiros escavados, na região do baixo estuário da Laguna dos Patos, sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se imagem do satélite Landsat 7 ETM+, órbita-ponto 221-082 de 24/10/2001, com combinação das bandas 1, 2 e 3. A análise espacial foi realizada com o software Idrisi Andes edition® (ver. 15.01-Clark University). As áreas foram selecionadas a partir da exclusão de áreas legalmente protegidas, seguido de análise multicriterial de atratividade considerando, por exemplo, o custo de oportunidade e a distância de infraestruturas, dentre outros. Como resultado, as áreas consideradas mais atrativas perfazem um total de 5.300 hectares (16,84%), enquanto 14.600 hectares (46,78%) possuem condições consideradas boas. Salienta-se que as áreas consideradas com potencial alto possibilitam um menor investimento na construção dos viveiros.

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