Due to the numerous problems raised by the increase in the emission of pollutant gases in the atmosphere, it has become essential a more effective monitoring of air quality. With that, several studies published in recent years have shown a series of mechanisms and techniques with ability to monitor air quality in a variety of ways. Approaching it, this work proposes a platform formed by a wireless sensor network, with the ability to monitor the levels of pollution at several points simultaneously. In addition, was implement the data mining tool, where by means of algorithms classification based on artificial intelligence concepts, it is possible that a more advanced analysis of air quality is performed. The platform was used for the monitoring of two public places, which have large traffic of vehicles and people daily, for a period of 12 consecutive weeks. On weekdays, peaks of 703 ppm of CO2 concentration were measured between 06:00 and 07:00 pm by the sensors located near the highways or avenues with higher traffic of cars. Conversely, indices around 500 ppm were the lowest obtained near 6:00 am where the car traffic is very low. This is the best time for hiking. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018

Phosphorus (P) supply to crops is a major constraint on the quantity and quality of food production in tropical soils, which are often characterized by highly weathered soils having low phosphorus use efficiency. Increasing P fertilizer use efficiency is a good tool for increasing food production to feed an increasing world population. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizer is used to achieve this goal. The lack of information about soil P diffusive flux and corn and common bean yield response with increased efficiency P fertilizers justify studies to evaluate the performance of this type of fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate P diffusive flux and corn and common bean crop response to P sources and rates. A laboratory trial was carried out to evaluate soil P diffusive flux in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP). Field trials were carried out to evaluate corn and common bean yields in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP) and rates. Policote, an additive based on water-soluble polymers, is an anionic copolymer with iron an aluminum affinity. Increasing contact time between P-fertilizers and soil reduced phosphorus diffusive flux. Policote coated P-fertilizer resulted in higher phosphorus diffusion than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilization increased corn and common bean yields. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer resulted in higher agronomic P efficiency use, corn, and common bean yields than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants. Reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserve phosphatic rocks reserves, and avoid the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers and fertilizer rate use reduction.

Resumo Visto como um dos principais problemas econômicos e sanitários nas propriedades brasileiras, a mastite bovina mostra-se como uma doença de grande prevalência dentre os animais de produção. Um dos principais gargalos referente a tal enfermidade é a resistência antimicrobiana, em especial, quando a etiologia está associada a bactéria Staphylococcus aureus. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer sobre o perfil de resistência de S. aureus e alguns fatores envolvidos. Para tal, os dados foram apresentados na forma de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, tendo como embasamento estudos indexados as plataformas: Portal de Periódicos CAPES-MEC e SciELO. Foi verificado na pesquisa bibliográfica um acentuado perfil de resistência antimicrobiana do S. aureus, sendo os antibióticos menos eficazes a Penicilina e Ampicilina e o de melhor eficácia no tratamento a Cefalotina. Outros dados compilados foram: o de que animais mais velhos possuem maior chance de apresentarem resistência aos tratamentos antimicrobianos e de que em algumas situações o custo-benefício do tratamento de mastite subclínica por S. aureus não traz retornos econômicos, mas somente na melhoria da qualidade do leite. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se a importância de novas pesquisas para traçar a evolução da resistência antimicrobiana do S. aureus, bem como fomentar atividades extencionistas para educação no campo sobre os corretos procedimentos terapêuticos da mastite bovina.

Background Responsible companion animal guardianship (RCAG) comprises a set of concepts involving activities, behavior and care that guardians must provide to ensure the welfare of their animals. When such principles are disregarded, the risk of animals developing zoonotic diseases, such as canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), increases. This disease is a public health problem in many urban settings in Brazil because dogs are the main reservoirs of Leishmania and are involved in the transmission of the parasites to humans. Our analytical cross-sectional epidemiological survey aimed to investigate the prevalence of CVL in a city in southeastern Brazil and to establish the association between the disease and a number of predictor variables including dog traits, socioeconomic status of guardians, ecological features of the domicile and RCAG. Results Our study showed that the global prevalence of CVL in the sample canine population was 6.7% (47/704). All variables related to better dog care were associated with lower chances of infection. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the chances of animals being seropositive for CVL were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when guardians had no formal education or possessed a university degree (vs. those with complete primary or secondary schooling) and when dogs were sheltered outside the house and had free access to the streets. An additional novel finding was that dogs that were acquired as puppies presented half of the chance of developing the disease in comparison with those acquired at the adult stage. Geographically weighted logistic regression coefficients showed that the strengths of the predictor/CVL associations varied depending on the studied geographical space. Both models demonstrated that the associations were always in the same directions. Conclusions Our findings indicate that regardless of age and mode of acquisition, adult dogs should be submitted to clinical evaluation and tests for CVL. RCAG can exert positive effects on the control of CVL.

Countless problems have been caused by the excessive emission of polluting gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), into the atmosphere. Therefore, more effective monitoring of CO2 is essential, especially in central or industrial regions. Thus, this work shows the development of a platform for monitoring the CO2 concentration, which is composed of autonomous and independent sensors that have their own energy source, storage capacity, and data replication for the central server. To validate the platform, CO2 measurements were taken at three strategic points in an outdoor environment in a Brazilian urban center. This platform proved to be an evolution over another system previously proposed by the group that was based on the use of a wireless network of sensors to monitor CO2. This new project managed to overcome limitations that compromised the efficiency of the first platform, which were mainly related to the interference in the communication signals between the network sensors due to the existence of physical barriers in the monitoring environment. With that, this new platform showed greater security in the maintenance of collected data and allowed for the expansion of the physical complexity of the environments that can be monitored.

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Resumo. O conhecimento das características reprodutivas das fêmeas bovinas é imprescindível que médicos veterinários possam exercer trabalhos inerentes a reprodução. Neste sentido, o conhecimento anatômico permite ao médico veterinário observar as estruturas presentes no trato reprodutor bovino e a funcionalidade de tais estruturas. Outro ponto a ser destacado é a compreensão dos eventos presentes no ciclo estral e como estes fatos influem no comportamento da fêmea. Além disso, a dinâmica folicular se faz parte indispensável do estudo, haja vista, que a fisiologia ovariana é a base da reprodução com influências na produção de hormônios e na gametogênese. Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo visa elencar diversas peculiaridades presentes na reprodução bovina através de uma revisão de literatura.

A Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF) é uma biotecnologia, que tem possibilitado aos pecuaristas, alcançarem uma alta eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho. Esta biotécnica consiste em sincronizar o ciclo estral de fêmeas bovinas, por meio da aplicação de fármacos análogos aos hormônios naturais em um período pré-determinado. Várias são as metodologias utilizadas para a sincronização do estro e ovulação, como por exemplo, a aplicação sistemática de PGF2α, o protocolo ovsynch e os protocolos a base de progestágenos. Como principais vantagens da implantação de programas de IATF, destaca-se a diminuição do intervalo entre partos, a eliminação do tempo gasto com a observação de cio e a formação de lotes homogêneos. Entretanto, existem alguns fatores que podem interferir nos resultados da IATF, sendo os principais: a condição corporal apresentada pelas vacas no pós-parto, a produtividade do animal e o vínculo materno existente. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo, expor como a IATF se insere no contexto da reprodução bovina, discorrendo tal assunto, através de uma revisão bibliográfica.   Palavras-chave: Bovinos. Reprodução Animal. Sincronização.