ResumoNas regiões áridas e semiáridas é comum a acumulação de sais no solo em quantidades prejudiciais ao crescimento e rendimento das plantas. Neste contexto, os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) vem sendo estudados nos últimos anos, havendo resultados que indicam que as associações micorrízicas com as plantas minimizam alguns efeitos do estresse salino. O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculação dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares na cultura do meloeiro sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, correspondendo a 2 tratamentos micorrízicos (plantas inoculadas e não inoculadas) e 4 níveis de salinidade (CEa): 0,5, 1,5, 3,0 e 4,5 dS m -1 , com 4 repetições. Foram avaliadas a colonização micorrízica, o crescimento, as trocas gasosas foliares e os teores e conteúdos de N, P, K + , Na + e Cl -nas plantas. A associação com FMA proporcionou um incremento na produção matéria seca da parte aérea e na área foliar; porém, este efeito benéfico decresceu com o aumento da salinidade. Os FMA também influenciaram de forma positiva a condutância estomática, taxa de transpiração e fotossintética. Os resultados mostraram um pico de colonização na CEa de 1,36 dS m -1 com tendência de redução a partir deste nível de salinidade. Verificou-se ainda que a associação simbiótica entre FMA e meloeiro proporcionou aumento nos totais extraídos de N, P e K + , principalmente nos níveis baixos e médios de salinidade, e redução na absorção dos íons potencialmente tóxicos (Na + e Cl -) a partir da salinidade da água de irrigação de 3,0 dS m -1 . Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo L., salinidade, micorriza, fotossíntese, nutrição mineral AbstractThe accumulation of salts in the soil is a common problem of arid and semi-arid regions, that cause reduction in plant growth and yield. In this context, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been studied in recent years, with results indicating that their associations with the plant roots minimize some effects of salt stress. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of salinity of the irrigation water in the melon plants mycorrhized with AMF. The experiment design was completely randomized in factorial 2 x 4 corresponding to two mycorrhiza treatments (inoculated and not inoculated plants) x 4 levels of salinity (ECw = 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dS m -1 ), with 4 replicates.The mycorhizal colonization, plant growth, leaf gas exchange and the concentrations and contents of ions (N, P, K + , Na + e Cl -) were measured. The mycorrhized plants showed higher production of shoot dry
The increasing number of degraded soil areas caused by open cast mining activities has brought about a critical damage to the environment. The mine spoil must be ameliorated with anthropogenic interferences which consist of revegetating soils after organic matter amendment and provision of microbial diversity, to guarantee basic conditions for a sustainable soil biological activity. Five woody species, Acacia mangium Willd., Inga edulis Mart., Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth, Parkia multijuga Benth., and Schinus terebinthifolia Schlecht. & Cham were cultivated under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential of plant establishment on cassiterite mining waste, considering the contribution of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, organic compost, and thermophosphate amendment. The shoot height, dry weight, and nitrogen and phosphorus shoot contents were determined. Three species of nodulating legumes, A. mangium, M. caesalpiniaefolia, and S. terebinthifolia showed a great positive response to organic compost, termophosphate, and mycorrhizal inoculation, increasing the plant height and the shoot dry weight. Plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fertilized with organic compost also increased their nitrogen and phosphorus shoot contents. The addition of organic compost and mycorrhizal fungi were essential for plant development and the reforestation of mining areas should be initiated with mycotrophic and nodulating legumes.
This work evaluated the effects of water salinity on the physiological indices in inoculated and non-inoculated peanut plants. The study was carried out in a protected environment at the seedling production unit (UPMA) at Campus das Auroras, at the University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design used was in a completely randomized (CRD), with treatments in a factorial arrangement, 5x2, referring to the five salinity levels of the irrigation water - CEa: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6.0 dSm-1, and inoculated and non-inoculated plants with a mix of rhizobia SEMIA 630, lot 0810, and SEMIA 6144, lot 0312, from Bradyrhizobium sp., isolated, with four replications. Recommended fertilization was done for phosphorus (62.5 kg ha-1 of P) and potassium (50 kg ha-1 of K) to supply the nutritional needs of the plants. The nutritional effect caused by symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium sp. favored inoculated plants to present greater tolerance to salt stress. The availability of nitrogen collaborated to increase the efficiency of plant physiological mechanisms. Uninoculated plants, even with a higher amount of chlorophyll and CO2, were not efficient in the photosynthetic rate. Saline stress affected photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll; however, with less intensity when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. The increase in salinity on irrigation water increased the leaf temperature.
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