The Triple P Positive Parenting Program is a multilevel parenting program to prevent and offer treatment for severe behavioral, emotional, and developmental problems in children. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of Triple P Level 4 interventions in the management of behavioral problems in children by pooling the evidence from relevant literature that included Level 4 Triple P interventions. Level 4 intervention is indicated if the child has multiple behavior problems in a variety of settings and there are clear deficits in parenting skills. Results indicate that Level 4 of Triple P interventions reduced disruptive behaviors in children. These improvements were maintained well over time, with further improvements in long-term follow-up. These effects support the widespread adoption and implementation of Triple P that is taking place in an increasing number of countries in quite diverse cultural contexts around the world.

Triple P is a parenting program intended to prevent and to provide treatment for severe behavioral, emotional, and developmental problems in children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of Triple P Level 4 interventions on parenting styles and parental competency. Level 4 is an intensive training program of 8 -10 sessions for parents of children with more severe behavioral difficulties. The results indicated that the Triple P Level 4 interventions reduced dysfunctional parenting styles in parents and also improved parental competency. These effects were maintained well through time and appear to support the widespread adoption and implementation of Triple P Level 4 interventions that is taking place in an increasing number of countries around the world.

BackgroundChildren of parents with mental illness (COPMI) are at greater risk of developing mental disorders themselves. Since impaired parenting skills appear to be a crucial factor, we developed a facilitated 8-session preventative group course called KopOpOuders (Chin Up, Parents) delivered via the Internet to Dutch parents with psychiatric problems. The goal was to promote children’s well-being by strengthening children’s protective factors via their parents. To reach parents at an early stage of their parenting difficulties, the course is easily accessible online. The course is delivered in a secure chat room, and participation is anonymous.ObjectiveThis paper reports on (1) the design and method of this online group course and (2) the results of a pilot study that assessed parenting skills, parental sense of competence, child well-being, and course satisfaction.MethodThe pilot study had a pre/post design. Parenting skills were assessed using Laxness and Overreactivity subscales of the Parenting Scale (PS). Sense of parenting competence was measured with the Ouderlijke Opvattingen over Opvoeding (OOO) questionnaire, a Dutch scale assessing parental perceptions of parenting using the Feelings of Incompetence and Feelings of Competence subscales. Child well-being was assessed with the total problem score, Emotional Problems, and Hyperactivity subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Paired samples t tests were performed, and Cohen’s d was used to determine effect sizes. Intention-to-treat analyses and analyses of completers only were both performed. Course satisfaction was evaluated using custom-designed questionnaires.ResultsThe sample comprised 48 parents with mental illness. The response rate was 100% (48/48) at pretest and 58% (28/48) at posttest. Significant improvements were found on PS Laxness and Overreactivity subscales (P < .01) and on the OOO Feelings of Incompetence and Competence subscales (P < .01) in analysis of completers only as well as by intention-to-treat analysis. Effects were moderate on the PS (d = .52 and d = .48) and were large and moderate on the OOO (d = 0.61 and d = 0.46). At pretest, 75% and 64% of PS scores were in the clinical range, which declined to 43% and 39% at posttest. No significant changes were found for child well-being. Scores for approximately two thirds of children were not in the clinical range at both pretest and posttest. The mean course satisfaction score was 7.8 on a 10-point scale. Of all participants, 20% (10/48) followed all the sessions.ConclusionThis online group course on parenting skills is innovative in the field of e-support and among interventions for mentally ill parents. The pilot results are promising, showing moderate to large effects for parenting skills and parental sense of competence. Test scores at baseline indicating parenting problems were largely in the clinical range, and baseline scores indicating problems among the children were in the nonclinical range, suggesting that parents were reached at an early stage. Cour...

Fresh Start had small but significant effects on the attitudes toward smoking, alcohol use and cannabis use. The majority of secondary outcome measures were not influenced by Fresh Start, although a small, adverse effect was found on the perceived social acceptance of cannabis use by friends. Timing of the intervention within the schoolyear did not influence its effectiveness. Conclusions/Importance: Fresh Start can help to delay the development of positive attitudes toward substance use in secondary school freshmen. Strengths and limitations, implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Triple P wordt in Nederland steeds vaker ingezet om ouders te helpen met allerlei opvoedproblemen. Het opvoedingsondersteuningsprogramma heeft een brede theoretische basis en zorgt voor samenwerking tussen verschillende jeugdzorginstellingen. Uit buitenlands onderzoek blijkt dat Triple P ouders helpt positiever op te voeden, waardoor gedragsproblemen bij kinderen uitblijven of in hevigheid afnemen. Het eerste Nederlandse onderzoek lijkt de internationale resultaten te ondersteunen.Triple P staat voor Positive Parenting Program, ofwel Positief Pedagogisch Programma. Het programma is in Australie¨ontwikkeld; het doel is de preventie en aanpak van psychosociale problemen bij kinderen door opvoedingsondersteuning aan ouders. De reeks van interventies in het Triple P-programma is gericht op een gezonde psychosociale ontwikkeling van kinderen en een vergroting van hun zelfredzaamheid en veerkracht. Daarnaast wil Triple P het zelfvertrouwen en de tevredenheid van ouders over de opvoeding bevorderen.Ouders krijgen bij Triple P opvoedingsstrategiee¨n aangereikt waarmee ze de ontwikkeling van kinderen op een positieve manier kunnen beı¨nvloeden. Ze leren gebruik te maken van de dagelijkse communicatie in het gezin om hun kinderen emotioneel te ondersteunen en hun sociale competentie en probleemoplossend vermogen te stimuleren.Specifiek voor het programma is de integrale aanpak met vijf opeenvolgende niveaus van interventie. Daarmee ontstaat een keten aan opvoedingsondersteuning die ouders advies en steun op maat biedt, van antwoord op algemene opvoedvragen tot hulp voor ouders van kinderen met ernstige gedragsproblemen.Triple P bestaat al dertig jaar en is ontwikkeld door Matthew R. Sanders, hoogleraar klinische psychologie en directeur van het Parenting and Family Support Centre aan de University of Queensland. In die dertig jaar heeft Triple P zich steeds verder ontwikkeld en werd het uitgebreid met nieuwe modules voor ouders van kinderen met specifieke problemen. Tegenwoordig wordt Triple P wordt in een groot aantal landen uitgevoerd, sinds kort ook in Nederland en Vlaanderen. InterventieniveausTriple P is een integraal preventieprogramma met vijf niveaus van interventie in verschillende aanbiedingsvormen (zie tabel 1).Naast het kernprogramma met de vijf niveaus zijn er extra modules ontwikkeld voor specifieke doelgroepen, zoals ouders van tieners (Teen Triple P), ouders van kinderen met een ontwikkelingsstoornis of handicap (Stepping Stones), gezinnen met risico op kindermishandeling (Pathways Triple P), werkende ouders (Workplace Triple P) en Aboriginal ouders (Indigenous Triple P). Drie nieuwe modules zijn in ontwikkeling: Triple P Starting Well voor aanstaande ouders, Lifestyle Triple P voor ouders van kinderen met overgewicht en Transitions Paula Speetjens, Door en, (*) Paula Speetjens (p.speetjens@nji.nl) werkt bij het NJi Kenniscentrum.Ireen de Graaf (Igraaf@trimbos.nl) is wetenschappelijk medewerker Vroegsignalering bij het Trimbos-instituut en begeleidt het onderzoek naar Triple P. Geraldien Blokland (...