Effectiveness of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program on Parenting: A Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

Triple P is a parenting program intended to prevent and to provide treatment for severe behavioral, emotional, and developmental problems in children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of Triple P Level 4 interventions on parenting styles and parental competency. Level 4 is an intensive training program of 8 -10 sessions for parents of children with more severe behavioral difficulties. The results indicated that the Triple P Level 4 interventions reduced dysfunctional parenting styles in parents and also improved parental competency. These effects were maintained well through time and appear to support the widespread adoption and implementation of Triple P Level 4 interventions that is taking place in an increasing number of countries around the world.

Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Role of the Pediatrician: Translating Developmental Science Into Lifelong Health

“…Because the essence of toxic stress is the absence of buffers needed to return the physiologic stress response to baseline, the primary prevention of its adverse consequences includes those aspects of routine anticipatory guidance that strengthen a family' s social supports, encourage a parent's adoption of positive parenting techniques, and facilitate a child' s emerging social, emotional, and language skills. Examples include the promotion of the 7Cs of resilience (competence, confidence, connectedness, character, contribution, coping, and control), 36 optimism, 37 Reach Out and Read, 38-40 emotional coaching, [41][42][43][44] and numerous positive parenting programs (eg, Triple P, [45][46][47] Incredible Years, 48 Home visiting, 49,50 and Nurturing Parenting 51,52 [59][60][61] as well as through an extended array of programs organized by faith-based organizations, social groups, and recreational centers. A more thorough description of the full range of practices designed to strengthen parenting skills and enhance child development can be found elsewhere.…”

Enhancing positive development of children: Effects of a multilevel randomized controlled intervention on parenting and child problem behavior

“…Triple P focuses on: (a) basics of communication skills, reinforcement, monitoring, etiology of conduct disorders, goals of parenting and systematic behavior observation, (b) learning principles and promotion of healthy development, (c) strategies to deal with child problem behavior, parenting routines, and (d) plans of common activities and coping with situations at risk. Efficacy and effectiveness of Triple P have been internationally demonstrated (e.g., de Graaf, Speetjens, Smit, de Wolff, & Tavecchio, 2008;Markie-Dadds & Sanders, 2006;Nowak & Heinrichs, 2008;Sanders, Bor, & Morawska, 2007).…”

Telephone-supported versus self-directed delivery of an online parenting program: Outcomes, mediators and moderators of change

“…de Graaf et al, 2008b;Sanders, Kirby, et al, 2014), as is often the case in psychological intervention research the evaluation processes typically focus on select outcomes considered indicators of treatment success, such as frequency of difficult child behaviours and coercive parenting practices, or parental adjustment and self-efficacy. Meanwhile investigation into the causal processes responsible for change is often neglected (Kazdin & Nock, 2003).…”

“…A number of meta-analyses have demonstrated the program has a robust empirical basis as both a universal and targeted program, with effects seen across families with diverse needs, and through a broad range of delivery modalities and intervention intensity (e.g. de Graaf, Speetjens, Smit, de Wolff, & Tavecchio, 2008a, 2008bNowak & Heinrichs, 2008;Sanders, Kirby, Tellegen, & Day, 2014).…”