This paper analyses the capacity of the rape (Brassica napus) to extract Cd and Zn from the soil and the effect of these metals on the morphometric parameters of the plant (length, weight, surface area, fractal dimension of leaves). Rape plants were mostly affected by the combined toxicity of the Cd and Zn mixture that caused a significant reduction in the rate of seed germination, the plant biomass quantity and the fractal dimension. In the case of Cd soil pollution, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) as well as the heavy metal root-to-stalk translocation factor (TF) were determined. The results showed that B. napus had a great potential as a cadmium hyperaccumulator but not as an accumulator of Zn or Cd + Zn mixture. The efficiency of phytoextraction rape was 0.8-1.22 % for a soil heavily polluted with cadmium.
The present work shows a way to develop
an industrial organic solvent-free
process for lithium-ion battery electrodes manufacturing. The process
uses a water-based slurry to cast the electrodes, using poly vinylidene-fluoride
(PVDF) as a polymeric binder. The use of aqueous PVDF latex as a binder
in positive electrodes is of difficult integration in existing production
lines due to the low stability of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in an aqueous environment. The use of electroless plating
solves this issue by coating LiCoO2 particles with a copper-based
layer stable to water. The presence of copper on the surface of the
powders is confirmed by means of SEM, XRF and conductivity measurements
of the powders. Electrochemical characterization of the electrodes
has been carried out with cycling tests in coin cells, confirming
the cycling stability during charge/discharge cycles. Cycling performances
of the water-based cathodes containing coated active material particles
are comparable to a reference NMP-based cathode, while uncoated particles
show a sensibly lower capacity retention during cycling. The possibility
of up-scaling the metallization process has been tested with the use
of a semi-industrial pilot filter dryer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.