Electrodeposition of Co, Sm and SmCo from a Deep Eutectic Solvent

Gómez, Elvira; Cojocaru, Paula; Magagnin, Luca; Vallés, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.04.015

Cited by 167 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3][4] Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are expected as new solution for plating bath due to their excellent industrial advantages. [5][6][7][8] We have reported Fe, Fe-Ni and Fe-Co films prepared in DES-based plating baths, and confirmed high current efficiency of the plating process. [9][10][11] As some Fe-Ni-Co films with high saturation magnetization and low coercivity have been reported using aqueous plating baths 12 and sputtering method, 13,14 we also focused on Fe-Ni-Co ternary alloy.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

et al. 2016

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We fabricated soft magnetic films from DES-based plating baths, and investigated magnetic properties of the plated films. The plating baths were obtained by stirring the mixture of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O, NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O. The composition of the electroplated film depended on the amount of the reagent in the plating bath, and we consequently obtained the films with various composition. The current efficiency of the plating process shows high values (> 88 %) in the wide composition range. The soft magnetic films with low coercivity were obtained at the Fe compositions of ≈ 30 at.% and > 80 at.%, and we found that low coercivity could be realized by the control of the film composition. We also found that the Fe-rich films prepared from DES-based plating bath have some advantages as a soft magnetic phase for a nanocomposite magnet due to their high saturation magnetization and very fine crystal structure.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

et al. 2016

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“…[13][14][15] On the other hand, SmCo film grown in a 1ChCl:2EG solution without glycine presents a significantly higher coercive field H c = 270 Oe (21.5 A/m), in agreement with the value reported for the 1ChCl:2U system. [4][5][6] The out-of-plane direction is again a hard axis for the magnetization (Figure 6b). A comparison between the in-plane M(H) curves for the three samples is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, by increasing further the deposition potential (−0.9/−0.95 V vs Ag wire), the formation of oxide/hydroxide powders on the cathodic surface was observed. 4,5 Moreover, the employment of ethylene glycol instead of urea lowers significantly the viscosity thus increasing the conductivity. Both choline chloride concentration and glycine affect significantly film composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Magnetic SmCo Films from Deep Eutectic Solvents and Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol Mixtures

Panzeri

Tresoldi

Rinaldi

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Suitability of mixtures based on ethylene glycol and choline chloride is evaluated for the electrodeposition of magnetic SmCo alloys. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are characterized by a wide electrochemical window, allowing the electrodeposition of metallic elements having a highly negative reduction potential. Electrodeposition of unconventional metals with reduction potential well below hydrogen evolution one is, in principle, feasible (e.g. Sm). Moreover, the limited presence of water during the growth of SmCo alloys may reduce oxidation and consequently improve the magnetic properties with respect to the employment of an aqueous bath. Deposits composition is strongly affected by process parameters and bath composition. Increasing choline chloride concentration and/or adding glycine to the solution allows to achieve higher Sm content in the deposit. Potentiostatic electrodeposition has been carried out in a conventional three electrodes cell, with potential interval selected from −0. The role of non-aqueous electrolytes is gaining importance due to their ability to overcome limitations normally observed in the electrodeposition processes from aqueous media. In particular, this is true for the metal elements having reduction potential well below hydrogen evolution one. Ionic liquids are in fact characterized by wider electrochemical windows limiting the onset of secondary processes suppressing the metal reduction one.1-3 One practical example is the electrodeposition of rare earth metals and their alloys (e.g. SmCo). Gomez et al. and Cojocaru et al. proposed a study on the electrodeposition of SmCo from a deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and urea (1ChCl:2U). [4][5][6] The suitability of such a system for the electrodeposition of both single metals (Sm and Co) and alloy (SmCo) was verified. Deposits were characterized by a high Sm content, i.e. 46-79 wt% Sm, while the optimal composition for the best magnetic performances is 23-25 wt% Sm, corresponding to the Sm 2 Co 17 phase. [7][8][9] In literature, works on this alloy from both waterbased 10-16 and non-aqueous solution are reported. 17 In the former case, fundamental is the employment of glycine as complexing agent as shown by Wei et al. [13][14][15] However, in-plane coercivities in the order of H c|| = 100 Oe were observed with the formation of SmO, Sm(OH) 3 and Co(OH) 2 .14 These values are referred to films produced by electrodeposition, an interesting technique from the fabrication point of view but with a huge limitations in terms of compositional and purity control with respect to traditional methods as casting or sputtering through which hard SmCo magnets are obtained (H c|| ∼ kOe).This work consists in the study of different mixtures based on ethylene glycol and choline chloride (1ChCl:2EG and 1ChCl:4.5EG) in order to evaluate the effect of ChCl concentration on SmCo codeposition and its magnetic properties. Studies on the physical properties of solutions with different ChCl:HBD (Hydrogen Bond Donor) molar ratio are reported in ...

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“…3 Table 14 shows the conductivities observed in DESs which are comparable to ionic liquids; 44,45 DESs are therefore a highly investigated medium for electrochemical applications. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Readers interested in electrodeposition from ILs and DESs will find a good review in ref. 64.…”

Section: Molar Heat Capacities and Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%