This paper presents a proposed smartphone application for the unique SmartAbility Framework that supports interaction with technology for people with reduced physical ability, through focusing on the actions that they can perform independently. The Framework is a culmination of knowledge obtained through previously conducted technology feasibility trials and controlled usability evaluations involving the user community. The Framework is an example of ability-based design that focuses on the abilities of users instead of their disabilities. The paper includes a summary of Versions 1 and 2 of the Framework, including the results of a two-phased validation approach, conducted at the UK Mobility Roadshow and via a focus group of domain experts. A holistic model developed by adapting the House of Quality (HoQ) matrix of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach is also described. A systematic literature review of sensor technologies built into smart devices establishes the capabilities of sensors in the Android and iOS operating systems. The review defines a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as search terms used to elicit literature from online repositories. The key contribution is the mapping of ability-based sensor technologies onto the Framework, to enable the future implementation of a smartphone application. Through the exploitation of the SmartAbility application, the Framework will increase technology amongst people with reduced physical ability and provide a promotional tool for assistive technology manufacturers.
Abstract-Framing Internet of Things (IoT) applications as a System of Systems (SoS) can help us make sense of complexity associated with interoperability and emergence. However, assessing the risk of SoSs is a challenge due to the independence of component systems, and their differing degrees of control and emergence. This paper presents three components for SoS risk assessment that integrate with existing risk assessment approaches: Human System Integration (HSI), Interoperability identification and analysis, and Emergent behaviour evaluation and control measures. We demonstrate the application of these components by assessing a pervasive SoS: a SmartPowerchair.
This paper introduces the SmartDisability Framework to consider mappings between disability type, Range of Movement and interaction mediums to produce technology and task recommendations to enhance user interaction. The SmartDisability conceptual model (based on the familiar disability symbol) and extracts from the initial development stage of the Framework are presented. The Framework has been populated through the knowledge obtained from state of the art literature reviews of disability classification, Range of Movement, interaction mediums, 'off-the-shelf' technologies and tasks. The Framework was augmented by requirements elicitation results and a described usability evaluation involving a simulation of the SmartATRS smartphone system to control the Automated Transport and Retrieval System (ATRS). ATRS is a technically-advanced system that enables a powered wheelchair (powerchair) to autonomously dock onto a platform lift of a vehicle using an automated tailgate and a motorised driver's seat. The usability of touch and head-based interaction methods were measured using System Usability Scale (SUS) and NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX) and demonstrated that fingers were more usable interaction method, as head tracking required a full range of neck movement. This SmartDisability Framework is anticipated to be validated through focus groups utilising fictional personas that involve experts from the domains of healthcare, computing and occupational therapy. The framework will be routed to exploitation through the development of a smartphone or web-based application.
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