Work organization for households with complex system of activities <i>
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A significant proportion of farm households combine several types of professional activities. However the compatibility of these different activities is not obvious. Work planning aspects should therefore be included when analysing change in farming and rural employment. Animal production specialists addressing these issues have developed a method named « Bilan Travail » (work planning assessment) which is implemented in diagnostic and advisory work on livestock farms. Some of its principles could be taken up to analyse all the professional activities of farm households.
[fre] Les fonctions de l'activité agricole relatives à la cohésion économique et sociale deviennent à part entière des éléments des politiques nationales et communautaires. Des enquêtes auprès des ménages ayant une activité agricole ont été réalisées dans plusieurs régions françaises. La diversité des formes d'exercice de l'activité agricole a été résumée sous forme d'une typologie et il est possible de préciser les diverses fonctions de l'activité agricole (économiques, d'intégration sociale, hédonistes) pour trois domaines distincts : vie professionnelle, vie personnelle et sociale, vie familiale et domestique. Cette analyse permet de mieux saisir les mécanismes par lesquels l'activité agricole contribue à la cohésion économique et sociale du monde rural ; elle fait aussi ressortir que les mesures de politique agricole ne sont adaptées qu'à une fraction des ménages ayant une activité agricole. [eng] Agricultural activity of rural households and economic and social cohesion . The functions of agricultural activity relating to economic and social cohesion are becoming fullyfledged components of national and eu policies. Surveys have been carried out in several French regions in households exercising an agricultural activity. The diversity of the forms of exercise of this activity was condensed into a typology. The various functions of household agricultural activity (economic functions, social integration functions, hedonistic functions) can be assigned in three major areas: professional life, personal and social life, family and domestic life. This analysis provides an insight into the mechanisms by which agricultural activity plays a role in the economic and social cohesion of rural society. It also highlights that agricultural policy measures are adapted to only a fraction of households having an agricultural activity.
Since the mid-1990s, organic farming has emerged from its marginal and niche production status to become a serious developmental route for more sustainable agriculture befitting current ecological and health challenges. Nonetheless, market fluctuations and changes in the regulatory context combined with technical risks have resulted in the emergence of different points of instability within organic agriculture. On family farms, sustainability is largely guaranteed by a broad range of strategies. Drawing upon a detailed case study of nine organic farms followed up over the course of 14 years, this paper argues that different forms of farm flexibility employed during and since this period have allowed farms to remain viable. It concludes that the diversification of farm production and activities, off-farm employment and farm household commitment to organic agriculture, together with professional membership and social networking, contribute significantly to farm viability. Finally, this paper draws up different farm strategies to support the local development of organic agriculture
Le prix des paniers est-il un frein à l'ouverture sociale des AMAP ? Une analyse des prix dans sept AMAP de la Région Rhône-Alpes Is the price of grocery baskets an impediment to social openness for AMAPs ?
Résumé L’exploitation familiale, comme institution, est bousculée par l’évolution de l’agriculture. Ce modèle est-il réellement en décomposition ? Comment ont évolué les relations entre famille et exploitation agricole ? Nous nous proposons ici d’analyser les relations « famille - exploitation agricole » en cheminant entre quatre figures : la ferme paysanne, l’exploitation familiale modernisée, l’entreprise agricole, forme d’exploitation post-familiale , et l’exploitation rurale fortement diversifiée. Chacune correspond à un modèle type que nous décrirons au travers des liens entre espace professionnel et espace domestique. Si ces quatre figures n’épuisent évidemment pas la diversité des formes d’exercice de l’agriculture, leur examen pose ici à nouveau la question de la frontière entre les métiers et les statuts professionnels et celle de la détermination du périmètre de l’exploitation agricole et avec elle de la famille dite « agricole ».
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