Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl) is a photoactive compound which has been used as a photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Its spectroscopic properties have been studied in solvents of different polarities (ethanol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide and chloroform). Its solubility has been found to decrease with increasing solvent polarity, together with full self-aggregation in aqueous solution. The binding of AlPcCl to the copolymer Pluronic
TM
micellar class P-123 and F-127 used as solubilizer/carriers was studied. Greater interaction between the more hydrophobic copolymer P-123 and AlPcCl was observed, besides a complex interaction profile involving different AlPcCl forms (self-aggregate/monomeric form) in the copolymers. Time- and temperature-dependent structural organization of AlPcCl in the copolymers was also observed. Thus, AlPcCl has a strong tendency to self-aggregate with increasing solvent polarity, an effect also observed in micellar media.
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Emodin reduction to emodin anthrone comprise one of three process steps involved in the hypericin synthesis, a powerful natural photosensitiser found in plants of the genus Hypericum. In this communication, an optimized protocol was established for emodin reduction enabling an efficient multigram preparation of emodin anthrone. A screening of reducing agent (SnCl·2HO and HCl) under different reaction times was employed in micro-scale and monitored by electronic absorption spectroscopy technique. Data showed lower yields of emodin anthrone when some experimental conditions previously described in the literature were reproduce. However, using the optimized protocol for the emodin reduction these yields were overcoming, and a gram-scale supply experiment was reproducible for the preparation of 10 grams of emodin anthrone with excellent yield.
Photodynamic therapy, by reducing pain and inflammation and promoting the proliferation of healthy cells, can be used to treat recurrent lesions, such as diabetic foot ulcers. Studies using the photosensitizer phthalocyanine, together with the nanostructured copolymeric matrix of Pluronic® and Carbopol® for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and leishmaniosis lesions, are showing promising outcomes. Despite their topical or subcutaneous administration, these molecules are absorbed and their systemic effects are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the subcutaneous administration of the hydroxy-aluminum phthalocyanine hydrogel without illumination on systemic parameters, markers of liver injury, and liver energy metabolism in type 1 diabetic Swiss mice. Both the hydrogel and the different doses of phthalocyanine changed the levels of injury markers and the liver glucose release, sometimes aggravating the alterations caused by the diabetic condition itself. However, the dose of 2.23 µg/mL caused less marked plasmatic and metabolic changes and did not change glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity of the diabetic mice. These results are indicative that the use of hydroxy-aluminum phthalocyanine hydrogel for the treatment of cutaneous ulcers in diabetic patients is systemically safe.
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