Background The glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of antimicrobial drugs that are an important alternative for cases of bacterial infections resistant to penicillins, besides being able to be used to treat infections in people allergic to pencilin. They have great activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis. Objective There are many analytical methods in the literature for determination of antimicrobial glycopeptide vancomycin in different matrixes that are very effective; however, all of them use toxic solvents, contributing to the generation of waste, causing damage to the environment and to the operator, as well as increased costs of analysis. Results The most prevailing method found was high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by microbiological assays and, in less quantity, spectrometric methods. The chromatographic methods use organic solvents that are toxic, such as acetonitrile and methanol, and buffer solutions, that can damage the equipment and the column. In the microbiological assays the disc diffusion methods are still in the majority. The spectrophotometric methods were based in the UV-Vis region using buffer solutions as a diluent. Conclusions All these methods can become greener, following green analytical chemistry principles, which could bring benefits both to the environment and the operator, and reduce costs. Highlights In this paper, a literature review regarding analytical methods for determination of vancomycin was carried out with a suggestion of greener alternatives.
Aims: A New Ecological Hplc Method For Determination Of Vancomycin Dosage Form. Background: Vancomycin is an important antimicrobial. There are many methods using HPLC in literature, but it was not found any that follows the green analytical chemistry principles. Objective: So, a green analytical method to quantify vancomycin in lyophilized powder for injectable solution by HPLC was developed. Method: It uses less quantity of toxic solvents, minimizing the costs and optimizing the time of analysis. Water + 0.1% acetic acid and ethanol (85:15, v/v), 0.5 mL min-1, C18 column (15 cm) at 280 nm were used. Result: The method was linear in the range of 40 to 140 µg mL-1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. It was selective when subjected to acid 0.1M, basic 0.01M, oxidative 0.3%, UV light and neutral degradation in a bath of 60 ºC for 8 hours. The precision of the method was proved at intraday (RSD 1.08%), interday (RSD 0.47%) and intermediate levels (RSD 2.35%). It was accurate with mean recovery of 100.19% and robust when changes were performed in seven parameters of the method and analyzed by the Youden and Steiner test. Conclusion: The method can be applied to routine quality control of vancomycin lyophilized powder for injectable solution as an ecological and sustainable alternative that contemplates the green analytical chemistry and the current pharmaceutical analyzes.
Background Vancomycin, an antimicrobial, has many microbiological methods in literature, but it was not found any that follows the green chemistry principles. Objective and Methods The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new microbiological analytical method with a green view to determine the vancomycin potency in lyophilized powder using less quantity of diluents and culture medium, minimizing the costs and reducing the time of analysis. Results Water was used as the diluent to prepare the vancomycin solution. BHI broth as used as culture media for the growth of the S. aureus ATCC 25923. The method was linear in the range of 30, 39 and 50.7 µg/mL. It was selective, with vancomycin reference and sample absorbance values very similar. The precision of the method was proved at intraday (RSD 4.42%), interday (RSD 3.56%) and intermediate levels (RSD 2.03%). It was accurate with mean recovery of 100.71% and robust when changes were performed in three parameters of the method and analyzed by the F-Test and t-Test. Conclusions and Highlights The method can be applied to routine quality control of vancomycin product as an alternative that contemplates the green analytical chemistry and the current pharmaceutical analyzes.
Vancomycin, an antimicrobial, does not present quantitative method by infrared spectrometry in the literature for the evaluation of a pharmaceutical product. This technique is considered a clean alternative because in the main, there is no solvent involved and the generation of waste is reduced. So, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a new, ecological, low cost and fast method by infrared spectrometry using KBr and band between 1450–1375 cm–1. It was linear in the range of 1.0–2.0 mg/150 mg, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. Selective when the spectra of vancomycin reference and sample were compared. Precise by repeatability (2.29%) and intermediate precision (3.12%). Accurate with average recovery of 99.37% and robust when strength and compression time of the pellets and KBr brand were varied. Considering all the methods found in literature, there is not one using infrared spectrometry for quantitative purpose, so the method developed and validated could be considered an innovation and clean alternative. This is due to the fact that it is fast, easy to handle, low cost, and non-toxic as well as generating minimal waste. The method can be applied in the routine analysis of vancomycin dosage form and is an important option for the current and sustainable pharmaceutical analysis.
Vancomycin, an important antibiotic, is marketed as lyophilized powder. In the context of routine analysis of this product, the existence of a more advantageous and effective method is interesting. Thus, the objective of this work is to develop and validate a new analytical method, faster, low-cost, ecological and miniaturized for quantification of vancomycin in lyophilized powder using spectrophotometry in ultraviolet region. Buffer solution pH 6.8, quartz cuvette with capacity of 700 µL and 280 nm were chosen. The method proved to be linear in the range of 50-150 µg/mL (0.9997). The selectivity of the method was proven in two ways: The standard-sample overlay aimed to identify vancomycin in the sample; The forced degradation test (sample solutions prepared in 0.01 M HCl, 0.01 M NaOH and aqueous conditions and kept at 60 ºC by 8 hours, and UV 254 nm at ambient temperature during 24 hours) aimed to show the susceptibility of the method to consequently indicate the stability of the sample. It was precise in intraday (RSD 1.27%), interday (RSD 1.18%) and between analysts (RSD 1.92%) levels. It was robust when small variations were performed in seven important parameters (wavelength, cuvette, filtration step, dibasic and monobasic phosphate brand, ultrasound time and source of water). The accuracy was proved by the standard recovery test and showed mean recovery of 101.10%. This method can be applied in routine analysis of quality control of vancomycin lyophilized powder and it is an effective, accessible and ecological alternative, which follows the Green Analytical Chemistry principles, presenting less waste generation, no use of toxic solvents, smaller sample volumes and required diluents, which impacts on the final cost of the analyzes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.