Rasulullah saw membekali diri dengan kebaikan, ketaqwaan, keikhlasan dan akhlak mulia dalam membimbing sehingga menimbulkan simpati dan audien mudah menerima ajakan (ajaran Islam). metode yang dilakukan nabi dalam dakwah secara terang-terangan adalah: pertama, mengundang Bani Abdul Muttalib ke rumahnya dan menjelaskan bahwa dia telah diutus oleh Allah. Kedua, undangan terbuka kepada seluruh masyarakat quraisy di bukit Shafa. Nabi ingin melihat bagaimana pandangan masyarakat quraisy terhadap kepribadian beliau. Setelah itu beliau mengumumkan kenabiannya. Ketiga, Muhammad saw memproklamirkan ke-Esa-an Tuhan dan mengajarkan kesatuan dan persamaan antara manusia. Keempat, nabi mengadakan pertemuan khusus dengan orang-orang yang percaya kepada beliau untuk aktivitas pembacaan (tilawah), pengajaran (ta’lim), dan pensucian (tazkiyah), di rumah Arqam bin Abil Arqam, dan merupakan sekolah Islam yang pertama. Kelima, beberapa pengikut nabi meninggalkan Mekah dan mencari perlindungan atau mengungsi ke Ethiopia, sebuah negeri di seberang Laut Merah.
This research aimed to reveal the role of the local scholars in the spread of Islam in Borneo. The only famous cleric in Borneo is Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari from South Kalimantan. Each region in Kalimantan has its scholars, the local cleric of West Kalimantan who will be discussed in this paper is Ismail Mundu to-panrita (a scholar, religious leader, and knowledgeable person, who has worked for the benefit of the community), as a cleric and mufti of the Kubu Kingdom. The research method used in this study was the historical method by taking the following steps, namely: heuristics, criticism, auffassung, and desterliung. The results of the study found that Ismail Mundu as a scholar had practiced his knowledge in educating the community and creating a religious and peaceful society. He was appointed to be the Mufti of the Kubu Kingdom due to his success in eradicating ignorance in the community. After the Kubu Kingdom ended and merged with the Republic of Indonesia, Ismail Mundu was elected to be a judge of the Kubu Court. Ismail Mundu as mufti gave fatwas and explanations to the public regarding religious issues, which can be seen in his various works, including interpretations of the holy book Al-Quran in Bugis translation, collections of Isra' mi'raj stories, collections of sermons, collections of wirid, Remembrance of Tauhidiyah, Mukhtasar al-Mannan 'ala al-'Aqidat al-Rahman, Book of Mukhtasar Aqaid, Faidah Istighfar Rajab, Schedule of Al-Nikah, Majmu' al-Mirats fi hukmi al-Faraid. The classification of Ismail Mundu's works includes interpretation, monotheism, tasawuf, fiqh, and history.
Highlight Research Experimental use of pre-treated pangasius skin as collagen raw material using different acetic acid immersion time Effects of immersion time on the yield of collagen from pangasius skin Effects of immersion time on the proximate content of collagen from pangasius skin Presenting SDS-Page profile of collagen from pangasius skin Abstract Pangasius sp. production in Indonesia has reached 384,310 tons in 2019. One of the main waste in pangasius fillet industry is the skin, which reached to 6% of body mass. Fish skins are alternative for making collagen because it has no restrictions for certain religions and ethnicities. Collagen is a protein biomaterial which acts as the main component of connective tissue. Extracting collagen using organic acids such as acetic acid is the most common extraction method. Herein, we report the effects of different immersion time of acetic acid to collagen properties from pangasius skin. In this study, pangasius skin was treated using 10% alcohol with the ratio 1:10 (w/v) for defatting and 0.1M NaOH with the ratio 1:10 (w/v) for eliminating non-collagenous protein. The immersion of 0.5M acetic acid was carried out on pangasius skin with the ratio of 1:20 (w/v), for 24, 48, and 72h at temperature less than 15oC. The sample was salted-out for 24 hours with NaCl until the concentration reached 2.5M, then the sample was freeze-dried at -40oC. This study investigated that longer immersion time affected the properties of pangasius skin collagen. Different immersion time significantly affected the yield of collagen from pangasius skin (p<0.05). Pangasius skin has a potential to be used as collagen raw material, and 72h of immersion time (P3) is suggested to produce pangasius skin collagen with the highest yield and protein content (6.15 % and 9.26 %). Production of collagen from the fish skin will contribute to increase pangasius waste valorization in pharmaceutical industry.
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