No abstract

In recent years, the tendency of raising dogs as companion animals has increased in urban and semi-urban settings. Amongst other pathogens viz virus, protozoa, dogs are highly susceptible to diseases of bacterial origin. Bacterial infections in dog causes wide range of illness, ranging from self-limited skin conditions to life-threatening systemic diseases. Some diseases such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, salmonellosis, and bordetellosis will have a significant influence on the economic status and livelihood of pet owner. These bacterial infections, albeit lethal, can be avoided if intervened earlier, and their impact on humans can be reduced to a greater extent. Here, we reviewed common bacterial diseases of dog and discussed disease etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and zoonotic potential. Raising awareness and continuing to educate veterinarians and pet owners about companion animal diseases would not only limit transmission risk but also improve animal as well human health.

No abstract

In present study, the effect of Nigella sativa seeds extract on the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. The chicken PBMCs were stimulated with two different doses (125?g/ml; 250?g/ml) of Nigella sativa seeds extract and the cells were harvested at different time points till 48h post-stimulation for analysis of iNOS gene expression by quantitative PCR and nitric oxide (NO) estimation at 24 and 48h post-stimulation. High dose (250?g/ml) of Nigella sativa seed extract showed remarkable induction of iNOS transcripts expression and NO production at 48h post-stimulation, which were 12.8040±1.03347 folds and 5.7089±.64535µM respectively. The results indicated the immunostimulatory potential of the Nigella sativa seed extract on the chicken PBMCs.