Together, these data indicate a potentially translatable dose of nCUR that is safe and efficacious in improving beta cell function, which could prevent T1DM.
BackgroundUses of polyherbal formulations have played a major role in traditional medicine. The present study is focused on the formulations used in traditional Thai folkloric medicine as tonics or bracers. Twenty documented polyherbal mixtures, used as nourishing tonics by the folk healers in Phatthalung and Songkhla provinces in southern Thailand, are targeted. Despite traditional health claims, there is no scientific evidence to support the utilization of polyherbal formulations.MethodsThe phenolic and flavonoid contents of the polyherbal formulations and a series of antioxidant tests were applied to measure their capability as preventive or chain-breaking antioxidants. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of effective formulations was assayed in Vero cells.ResultsNinety-eight plant species belonging to 45 families were used to prepare the tested formulation. The preliminary results revealed that water extracts of THP-R016 and THP-R019 contain a high level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and exhibit remarkable antioxidant activities, as tested by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The extract of THP-R019 also showed the strongest metal chelating activities, whereas THP-R016 extract possessed notable superoxide anion and peroxyl radical scavenging abilities.ConclusionsThe data provide evidence that the water extracts of folkloric polyherbal formulations, particularly THP-R016, are a potential source of natural antioxidants, which will be valuable in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The free radical scavenging of THP-R016 may be due to the contribution of phenolic and flavonoid contents. Useful characteristics for the consumer, such as the phytochemical profiles of active ingredients, cellular based antioxidant properties and beneficial effects in vivo, are under further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2131-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
A supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) with a reduced amount of surfactant and incorporation of a polymer precipitation inhibitor, Eudragit® E PO was developed. The optimized S-SMEDDS formulation (SS-15) consisted of 55% surfactants, 40% oils, and 5% Eudragit® E PO (curcumin at 44.4 mg/g of the formulation). The precipitation profiles from the supersaturation assay revealed that the curcumin S-SMEDDS performed as a better inhibitor of curcumin precipitation in simulated gastric fluid over a 240-min study than the normal curcumin SMEDDS and an aqueous curcumin suspension. In addition, the mean droplet size of the curcumin S-SMEDDS (21.6 ± 0.1 nm) was significantly smaller than the SMEDDS (28.1 ± 0.3 nm). The curcumin S-SMEDDS exhibited a threefold reduction of Caco-2 cell toxicity when compared to the curcumin SMEDDS because of the reduced toxic effect of the surfactant present in the SMEDDS formulation. In addition, the absorptive permeability across the Caco-2 monolayer of curcumin in the S-SMEDDS was significantly higher than for the unformulated curcumin (~ 5-folds). The plasma concentration-time profiles from the oral absorption studies in rats dosed with the curcumin S-SMEDDS showed a 1.22- and 53.14-fold increased absorption of curcumin, compared to the SMEDDS and the aqueous suspension, respectively. The curcumin S-SMEDDS was stable under both intermediate and accelerated conditions after 6 months of storage.
Background The imbalance between the generation of free radicals and natural cellular antioxidant defenses, known as oxidative stress, can cause oxidation of biomolecules and further contribute to aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Thai traditional tonifying preparation, Jatu-Phala-Tiga (JPT) and its herbal ingredients consisting of Phyllanthus emblica , Terminalia arjuna , Terminalia chebula , and Terminalia bellirica and further assess its effect on longevity. Method Antioxidant activities of various extracts obtained from JPT and its herbal components were carried out using well-established methods including metal chelating, free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Qualitative analysis of the chemical composition from JPT water extract was done by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The effect of JPT water extract on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans were additionally described. Results Among the extracts, JPT water extract exerted remarkable antioxidant activities as compared to the extracts from other solvents and individual constituting plant extract. JPT water extract was found to possess the highest metal chelating activity, with an IC 50 value of 1.75 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Moreover, it exhibited remarkable scavenging activities towards DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals, with IC 50 values of 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.308 ± 0.004, and 0.055 ± 0.002 mg/mL, respectively. The ORAC and FRAP values of JPT water extract were 40.338 ± 2.273 μM of Trolox/μg of extract and 23.07 ± 1.84 mM FeSO 4 /mg sample, respectively. Several well-known antioxidant-related compounds including amaronols, quinic acid, gallic acid, fertaric acid, kurigalin, amlaic acid, isoterchebin, chebulagic acid, ginkgolide C, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin were found in this extract. Treatment with JPT water extract at 1 and 5 mg/mL increased C. elegans lifespan under normal growth condition (7.26 ± 0.65 vs. 10.4 0± 0.75 ( p < 0.01) and 10.00 ± 0.73 ( p < 0.01) days, respectively). Conclusions The results indicated that JPT and its herbal ingredients exhibited strong antioxidant activities, in particular the water extract of the polyherbal tonic. These findings rationalize further investigation in JPT infusion as a promising agent for anti-aging and oxidative stress prevention.
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