Abstract. Biobriquettes as alternative energy that can replace the role of kerosene. Biobriquettes made from agricultural waste biomass. Biobriquettes durian peel has been researched and developed continuously to obtain optimal quality in terms of calorific value, compressive strength and duration of ignition. In making durian peel biobriquettes needed other biomass mix to sustain duration of Ignition for biobriquettes durian skin quickly burned out. Stages of making biobriquettes durian skin are: material of drying, carbonization of biomass, grinding, mixing with adhesives, and printing. Carbonization process is a process that is important in obtaining the biomass charcoal. Carbonization is done by means of karbonisator pyrolysis. The purpose of this research is to study the process of carbonization to obtain biobriquettes durian skin that of quality in terms of value compressive strength, calorific value, and duration of ignition. Variations that done was kind mix of biomass,coconut shells and palm shells with the massa ratio 2 : 1, type of adhesive used tapioca powder and banana peels, carbonization of temperature 200" 300" " skin with a mixture of coconut shell and adhesive tapioca powder and carbonization temperature of 300 " ! cm 2 . The calorific value of the highest on the mix of skin durian with coconut shells and adhesive banana skin with temperature of carbonization 400 " g, and duration of ignition highest on a mixture of skin durian with coconut shell and adhesive banana skin at a temperature of carbonization 300 "
Finding the cheaper alternative fuels and shortening the rendang cooking time are the potential efforts to reduce the production cost of rendang. This study aims to use low-rank cheap coal to cook beef rendang and to develop a more efficient rendang cooking method. First, the raw coals were carbonized, then the charcoals obtained were crushed and mixed with the filler and binder. After that, the charcoal mixture was molded into briquettes. Furthermore, the carbonized coal briquettes resulted were characterized and used as fuel to cook beef rendang in a semi-closed moveable-grate stove. To get a more efficient cooking time, a modified cooking method was developed. From the research has been obtained that there was almost no significant odor and smoke emissions during the cooking process except at the initial ignition period, which takes between 10-15 minutes. The modified cooking method took time 3 hours to get the dry beef rendang, 1 hour shorter than that of the normal cooking ones. Briquettes consumption for 1 kg of beef rendang cooking, using the modified cooking method, was about 0.75 kg, equivalent to USD 0.18 if 1 kg of briquette is priced USD 0.24. Finally, it can be summarized that carbonized coal briquette is a solid smokeless fuel that is safe and cheap to cook beef rendang.
Miscanthus is a bioenergy crop that is very easy to cultivate. It has high volatile content with an average energy value of about 18.8 MJ/kg on a dry basis. With the benefits mentioned above, Miscanthus is potential as a fuel for the suspended furnace. Therefore, the furnace design for the Miscanthus particle needs to be developed immediately. A relatively fast and low-cost technique to develop a burner furnace design is the modeling. This study aims to determine the intrinsic parameter values of dry Miscanthus particles needed in cold particle dynamic modeling. The various reasonable experimental techniques were used to obtain these parameter’s values. Then, a series of simulations and experiments of dry chopped Miscanthus dynamic in a special burner was conducted to assess the conformity of these values. The intrinsic parameters values of dry chopped Miscanthus obtained are as follows; shape factor (fs) 0.52, true particle density (ρp) 245 kg m-3, minimum, maximum, and mean particle diameters (dp) 106, 9520, and 1384 µm respectively, and spread parameter (n) 1.22. Qualitatively, the particle dynamic simulation results, using RSM and k-e models, showed similar particle pathlines to the experiment results, in terms of the frequency and intersection of the helical structure formed in the burner cylinder. It indicates that the intrinsic parameter values obtained in this study are reliable results and can be used for further simulation works. In addition, particle dynamics experiments and simulations also revealed that the particle pathline in the burner cylinder tend to move near the cylinder wall in a helical pattern; a single helix pattern in a single tangential inlet burner and a double helix pattern in a double tangential inlets burner. Regardless of the effect of the tangential inlet number, the helical pattern in the burner cylinder was also influenced by the initial swirl number (ISN) of the flow. The lower the ISN, the lower the helical frequency formed and vice versa. This study also proved that at low to moderate swirl intensities, the k-e turbulent model can be relied upon to model particle dynamics in a cyclone burner.
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