ABSTRAKBiobriket merupakan energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan organik atau limbah pertanian (biomassa) yang kurang termanfaatkan. Beberapa jenis limbah biomassa memiliki potensi yang cukup besar seperti limbah kayu, sekam padi, jerami, ampas tebu, cangkang sawit, dan sampah kota. Potensi lain yang belum tergarap adalah limbah cangkang kakao. Limbah-limbah tersebut apabila tidak dimanfaatkan maka akan menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap dan dapat merusak ekosistem lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel dan bentuk biobriket terhadap kuat tekan biobriket yang dihasilkan, menganalisa mutu dan laju pembakaran bioriket. Pembuatan biobriket ini menggunakan bahan perekat tepung kanji sebanyak 50 % dari berat biobriket, variasi ukuran partikel biobriket adalah 30 mesh dan 60 mesh, bentuk biobriket silinder berongga dan silinder pejal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biobriket yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar bahan bakar untuk rumah tangga. Biobriket yang paling bagus adalah biobriket dengan ukuran 30 mesh silinder berongga dan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan adalah lebih besar dari 4000 kal/g. Berdasarkan uji pembakaran, biobriket yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Kata kunci : Biobriket, biomassa, limbah cangkang kakao ABSTRACT Biobriquette is an alternative energy as fuel substitute which is produced from organic materials or underutilized agricultural waste (biomass
The Liquid smoke can be use for food preservation, be obtained from pyrolysis of materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The form of liquid smoke that has the ability to preserve,for their phenolic compounds,acids and carbonyl. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of liquid smoke from process of charcoal the biomass obtained from rotary pyrolysis carbonisator as fish preservative, the effect of liquid smoke on the chemical and organoleptic properties of fish, and the resilience of fish after being given smoke liquid. The metode of experiments with skin biomass of durian, coconut shell, and palm shell. Biomass is dried, then is burned in rotary carbonisator pyrolysis. The results ofthe process are namely liquid, tar and charcoal smoke. Next, Liquid smoke is precipitated and then it is distilled twice, namely ordinary distillation and vacuum distillation. Results combustion produces liquid smoke with a yield of 19% on the skin of durian, 23.6% on coconut shell, and 20.8% on palm shells. Organoleptic test results on the fish with the addition of liquid smoke from the skin of durian with a concentration of 5 % is most preferred by the panellists in terms of color, aroma, flavor, and texture.
Abstract. Biobriquettes as alternative energy that can replace the role of kerosene. Biobriquettes made from agricultural waste biomass. Biobriquettes durian peel has been researched and developed continuously to obtain optimal quality in terms of calorific value, compressive strength and duration of ignition. In making durian peel biobriquettes needed other biomass mix to sustain duration of Ignition for biobriquettes durian skin quickly burned out. Stages of making biobriquettes durian skin are: material of drying, carbonization of biomass, grinding, mixing with adhesives, and printing. Carbonization process is a process that is important in obtaining the biomass charcoal. Carbonization is done by means of karbonisator pyrolysis. The purpose of this research is to study the process of carbonization to obtain biobriquettes durian skin that of quality in terms of value compressive strength, calorific value, and duration of ignition. Variations that done was kind mix of biomass,coconut shells and palm shells with the massa ratio 2 : 1, type of adhesive used tapioca powder and banana peels, carbonization of temperature 200" 300" " skin with a mixture of coconut shell and adhesive tapioca powder and carbonization temperature of 300 " ! cm 2 . The calorific value of the highest on the mix of skin durian with coconut shells and adhesive banana skin with temperature of carbonization 400 " g, and duration of ignition highest on a mixture of skin durian with coconut shell and adhesive banana skin at a temperature of carbonization 300 "
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on the earth as promising raw material for various valuable products. In terms of biorefinery, the organosolv method promotes elevate satisfy isolation due to its ease of purification and environmental friendliness. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature on lignin isolation from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) obtained through the organosolv method. The isolation was using acetic acid, formic acid, and water (30:60:10( v/v/v)) as the solvent and 0,1% of HCl as a catalyst at various temperatures (60°C, 85°C, 100°C, and 121°C). The heating temperature had significant effect on the yield, purity and pH of lignin. The lignin yield roses when the temperature increase from 60°C to 85°C but starts to decrease at 100°C. The highest yield of 15.87% was obtained at 85°C. However, the purity is inversely proportional to the yield. The higher the yield, the lower the purity correspond to condensation reaction at temperature above 85°C. The highest purity of 94.49% was obtained at the lowest yield at temperature 121°C. The heating temperature also affected pH. The pH is increase with increasing temperature. Functional groups analysis using FT-IR indicated that lignin isolates obtained at a temperature of 60°C, 85°C, 100°C, and 121°C had similar functional groups, consist of ether linkage, aromatic rings, C-H methyl linkage, guaiacyl rings, and syringyl rings indicated that the lignin of oil palm empty fruit bunch classified as SGH-type lignin.
Biomass is a renewable energy source derived from plants and is known as green energy. Biomass is a term used for various types of organic matter in solid form that can be used as fuel. Bio Briquette is a solid fuel made from a mixture of biomass. This fuel is an alternative material that was developed in a bulk with relatively short time and is relatively cheaper. The use of briquettes that must be included with the use of a stove or stove which type and size must be adjusted to the needs. To increase the heat efficiency of the existing briquette stoves, this research was carried out using two different types of stove walls, namely cement-filled stoves and glass wool-filled walls. The performance of the stove can be seen from the combustion of biomass briquette fuel against the briquette shape was molded. From the tests that have been carried out, the efficiency of stoves with cement walls is 29.86%, while for stoves with glass wool walls is 40%. Of the three forms of bio briquette (ellipsoidal, cylinder, perforated cylinder) the use of cylindrical bio briquettes is better because the flame on the briquette is longer when compared to other forms.
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