The known phenanthrenone trigonostemone (1), along with a new phenanthrenone, 9-O-demethyltrigonostemone (2), and two new phenanthropolones, 3,6,9-trimethoxyphenanthropolone (3) and 4,6,9-trimethoxyphenanthropolone (4), were isolated from the roots of Strophioblachia fimbricalyx. Compound 2 showed cytotoxicity against NCI-H187, KB, and MCF7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.8, 0.8, and 2.9 microg/mL, respectively, while 3 and 4 showed reduced cytotoxicity. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed antiplasmodial activity in vitro (IC50 values of 2.7 and 3.2 microg/mL, respectively) against Plasmodium falciparum (K1, resistant strain). In addition, the antioxidant activity of 1-4 toward DPPH radicals was determined, but only compound 2 showed any discernible activity.

Work toward completion of the Annonaceae treatment for the Flora of Thailand revealed 18 species previously unrecorded for the country, six of them in the genus Fissistigma. In addition, several species previously placed in synonymy are re-instated, for which we propose three new combinations in the genera Mitrella, Monoon, and Sphaerocoryne.

The production of citric acid produces 70% waste product or by-product. This by-product is produced by microbial fermentation which could be used as an alternative raw material for animal feed because it still contains citric acid, which could help to reduce pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical value of citric acid by-product from rice (CABR) to compare the properties with those of rice bran and broken rice and to determine its potential as an alternative energy source in animal feed. The chemical composition of CABR was calculated using proximate analysis. The color of CABR was darker, and the bulk density value was 549.65 (g/L) (p < 0.05). With free flow, the angle of repose was 40°, and the particle size had less polygonal starch granules. CABR had a low pH of 4.77 and contained 19.80% crude protein, 11.97% crude fiber, and 4005.72 kcal/kg of energy. CABR had a higher crude protein value than broken rice and rice bran and a higher gross energy value than broken rice but less than rice bran. It also had a higher crude fiber value (p > 0.05). The results suggest that CABR could be utilized as an energy and protein source for animal feed formulations.

Two new species of Polyalthia from Peninsular Thailand, Polyalthia heliopetala and P. taweensis, are described and illustrated. Polyalthia heliopetala most closely resembles P. oblonga and P. motleyana. Polyalthia taweensis most closely resembles P. obliqua. Polyalthia pumila is newly reported for Thailand from a single locality; the species was previously known only from two localities in Peninsular Malaysia and has not been re-collected in over 100 years.

A new species, Polyalthia khaoyaiensis, is proposed based on materials from central Thailand. The species appears most similar to Polyalthia meghalayensis and Polyalthia evecta, differing from these taxa in having shorter pedicels and usually two (rather than one) ovules per carpel. From P. meghalayensis it differs further in absence of a claw from the inner petals. The new species is described and illustrated. The conservation status of the species is considered and it is given an assessment of Least Concern (LC), as it is locally common in the hill evergreen forest of Khao Yai National Park.

Three new species of Polyalthia are described and illustrated. Two of the new species are part of the Polyalthia evecta species complex, while the third species belongs to a species group including P. cinnamomea and P. stenopetala.

No abstract

The widespread Asian genus Monoon (Annonaceae) comprises about 70 tropical forest species, over 20 of which occur in Thailand. Four new species from Thailand are described here: Monoon roseum and M. ornithocephalum from Peninsular Thailand and M. phukraduengense and M. phuluangense from North-Eastern Thailand.