Objective: To examine the effect of age, sex and obesity on Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) in 4 to 6 years-old children. Methodology: A total of 400 preschool children (200 boys and 200 girls) between the ages of 4 to 6 years old participated in this research. Subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Fundamental motor skills (FMS) were assessed with using the OSU-SIGMA scale. Body mass index (BMI) was directly measured from height(m)2/weight(kg) for each child and based on CDC growth charts, normal weight, overweight and obesity were defined. Results: The results showed that age and sex variables were a significant effect on walking and running skills, but BMI was not significant (P>0.05). Also, these variables had a significant effect on jumping, skipping, hopping and ladder climbing. In both ages, boys in jumping and ladder climbing skills were better than girls, but the girls were better in skipping and hopping skills (P<0.05). Moreover, the results showed that age and BMI variables have a significant effect on stair climbing skill, but sex was not significant (P>0.05). For object control skills, the results showed that age and sex variables were a significant effect on catching and throwing skills, but BMI was not significant (P>0.05). Finally, the age, sex and BMI variables were a significant effect on kicking and sticking skills. Conclusion: This research demonstrated that boys performed better than girls, and both overweight and obese children have lower performance than normal children.

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Aim: To examine the latent structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) with a bifactor modeling approach. In addition, the study examines the dimensionality and model-based reliability of general and specific contributions of the test’s subscales and measurement invariance of the TGMD-3. Methods: A convenience sample of (N = 496; Mage = 7.23 ± 2.03 years; 53.8% female) typically developed children participated in this study. Three alternative measurement models were tested: (a) a unidimensional model, (b) a correlated two-factor model, and (c) a bifactor model. Results: The totality of results, including item loadings, goodness-of-fit indexes, and reliability estimates, all supported the bifactor model and strong evidence of a general factor, namely gross motor competence. Additionally, the reliability of subscale scores was poor, and it is thus contended that scoring, reporting, and interpreting of the subscales scores are probably not justifiable. Conclusions: This study shows the advantages of using bifactor approach to examine the TGMD-3 factor structure and suggests that the two traditionally hypothesized factors are better understood as “grouping” factors rather than as representative of latent constructs. In addition, our findings demonstrate that the bifactor model appears invariant for sex.

Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) among older Iranian people. Methods & Materials: The research method was non-experimental research that its necessary information was collected with the cross-sectional method. The statistical population comprised all older people over 60 years of age in Tehran City, Iran. The statistical sample included 1035 people who have completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). This questionnaire consists of 69 questions and 9 components. The obtained data were analyzed with confirmatory factorial analysis based on structural equations, Cronbach alpha coefficient, and intra-class correlation coefficient tests. Results: The content, face, and concurrent validity were acceptable (P<0.05). Also, result showed that the MBSRQ has acceptable fit indexes (such as RMSEA=0.042, CFI=0.903, TLI=0.978, PNFI=0.075, and PGFI=0.886). Further, the internal consistency and temporal reliability were acceptable (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Persian version of MBSRQ has acceptable reliability and validity in the Iranian elderly, and researchers, older adults, and elderly specialists can use this questionnaire for its evaluations and research.