Background:Increased life expectancy and the growing phenomenon of aging can lead to increased burden of chronic diseases (CDs) which adversely affects the overall health of elderly, their sexuality in particular. Sexual life of an aged population is overlooked in many of the societies. In the present narrative review, we aim to assess the impact of CDs on sexual function of elderly people.Materials and Methods:We used internet databases including PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, IPPF, and UNFPA without time limit. Ninety-eight out of 174 relevant articles were selected which met the inclusion criteria: those articles were research-based in English or Persian (original or review articles) and textbooks; specified one or more CDs and sexual function of the cases; elderly people over the age of sixty, men and women; and coordination between articles and research goals. We excluded qualitative and case studies. We reported the most related CDs with sexual function in literature review and used the biological and psychological impact of the CDs on sexual function of elderly population based on the conceptual model of Verschuren et al. (2010).Results:The results of the studies were classified into the themes including physical, psychological, and cultural and social. Diabetes, cardiovascular, cancerous, and chronic respiratory diseases and also some medications can reduce sexual capacity and desire in particular resulting in negative impact on the quality of elderly sexual life. CDs may influence sexual expressions and responses which adversely affect one's mood and energy so that can cause depression and grief, as well as loss of self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-concept in elderly adults. The factors affecting sexuality of an elderly with CDs include cultural and mythical beliefs about age and illnesses, fear, and embarrass of changed physical appearance. The research conducted among elderly population examining the adverse influence of CDs on aged people's sexual life in general, sexual function and performance, and intimate interaction.Conclusion:It is considered that programs on sexual health needs of aged population for the health-care workers can prove beneficial in improving sexual health.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of unwanted pregnancies (UWPs) and related factors among mothers delivering at all hospitals in Tehran. We investigated, in cross-sectional study 6,394 clients, parental age, education and occupation, interval of live children pregnancies, and rate of abortion. A Chi-square test and Hi-Log linear were used in this study. In this study, 2,443 (38.2%) of all cases were UWPs, of which 4.6% (n = 297) resorted to abortion (p < 0.0001). About 38% of all women had no prenatal care. Seventeen percent of the women under 20 and 66.2% of those above age 35 had had UWPs (p < 0.0001). Forty-one percent (n = 2,640) of all cases were illiterate or had primary education and 28% (n = 1,793) had a high school education or higher (p < 0.0001). Forty-seven percent (n = 18) of mothers were workers and 28.1% (n = 147) were employees (p < 0.0001). Although such variables as age, occupation, level of education, prenatal care, family size, and pregnancy interval affect rates of unwanted pregnancy in developing countries, regardless of the cause unwanted pregnancy and its negative consequences can be prevented by access to health services.
Based on the results of this study, despite the fact that the majority of men over age 40 had experienced symptoms of andropause, but their awareness about andropause was very low.
The most men experienced the symptoms of hypogonadism and the majority of the symptoms were related to psychological domain. The symptoms of hypogonadism are considered to some factors like BMI and occupation too.
Background Menopause is associated with changes in lipid profile and is a known risk factor for oxidative stress. Different therapeutical strategies have been used to control menopause complications. Vitamin E, an important anti-oxidant, can possibly affect lipid peroxidation in menopausal women. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the lipid profile of menopausal women. Materials and Methods This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over, phase I/II trial study was designed in two 4-week intervention phases with an 8-day washout period in between. Eighty-three natural menopause women participated in the study. Randomized block allocation was used to divide women into group A (n = 41) and group B (n = 42). In phase I, one group received vitamin E capsule (400 IU/day) and another group received placebo capsule for 4 weeks. After an 8-day washout period, phase II was initiated for a period of 4 weeks, where the group that received vitamin E capsule was given placebo (E-P) and the group that received placebo was given vitamin E (P-E). Plasma lipid profile levels (LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and TG) were assessed before and after intervention separately in each phase and in each group. Lipid profile was measured by enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results The analysis indicated no significant difference in plasma TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels between P-E and E-P groups before intervention in phase I and II ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma lipid profile levels within the P-E and E-P groups before and after intervention in phase I and II. There was a significant difference in plasma TG within the E-P group before [141.74 ± 53.52, 138.50 (94–195)] and after [167.47 ± 71.32, 170 (108–202)] intervention in phase II ( P = 0.010). There was no significant difference in terms of the mean changes in plasma lipid profile between the P-E and E-P groups in phase I and II ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The study results revealed that vitamin E supplementation had no remarkable effect on the lipid profile in menopausal women.
In recent times, parents have become increasingly concerned, both subjectively and objectively, about their adolescents' body height/weight growth. Parent-adolescent interactions about this issue and the potential socio-psychological consequences of such interactions should be considered as an important influencing factor on the future of adolescents' sexual and reproductive health. To achieve a greater understanding of such concerns, it is necessary to further elucidate parents' experiences on this topic, so as to expand the existing literature. This study aimed to explain the perceptions of parents' concerns regarding their adolescents' growth characteristics in the socio-cultural context of Iran as a transitional society. This paper is part of a larger qualitative study designed using the Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology (CGTM). We conducted open-ended intensive interviews with eleven parents individually and recruited them through purposeful and theoretical sampling from a teaching hospital, community, and a primary school in Tehran with theoretical sampling variation in terms of teenagers' age, sex, and birth order, place of residence, parents' occupation and education, and the self-reported socio-economic status. Using the analytical procedures of the CGTM, we performed analyses. In the findings, the concept of 'living with constant sense of uncertainty' emerged from the subcategories including 'feeling existing and potential concern about expected minimum and maximum bio-positions of growth,' 'feeling potential concern about biological health consequences,' 'feeling potential concern about the emergence of early/late maturity signs,' 'feeling potential concern about adolescent's emotional threat,' 'feeling concerned about future employment, education, marriage, and fertility,' and 'feeling potential concern about the society's view'. These findings suggest that parents are living with a constant sense of uncertainty about their teens' growth characteristics throughout the transition from adolescence. All stakeholders including parents, health-care practitioners and policymakers, and anthropologists/sociologists should be focus on such concerns, in order to manage them and their possible socio-psychological burdens.
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