Background: Chronic inflammation associated with breast cancer (BC) poses a major challenge in care management and may be ameliorated by physical activity. This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical fitness in BC survivors (BCS). Methods: Forty BCS (age = 57 ± 1 years; body mass [BM] = 74.8 ± 1.5 kg; VO2peak = 20.8 ± 2.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT (n = 15), MICT (n = 15), or control (CON; n = 15). The intervention groups (HIIT and MICT) performed their respective exercise protocols on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12 weeks while the CON group maintained their current lifestyle. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included body composition (BM, fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM)), physical fitness (VO2peak, lower body strength (LBS), upper body strength (UBS)), and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, and adiponectin. Results: Both intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) decreased BM (HIIT = −1.8 kg, MICT = −0.91 kg), FM (HIIT = −0.81 kg, MICT = −0.18 kg), TNF-α (HIIT = −1.84 pg/mL, MICT = −0.99 pg/mL), IL-6 (HIIT = −0.71 pg/mL, MICT = −0.36 pg/mL), leptin (HIIT = −0.35 pg/mL, MICT = −0.16 pg/mL) and increased VO2peak (HIIT = 0.95 mL·kg−1·min−1, MICT = 0.67 mL·kg−1·min−1), LBS (HIIT = 2.84 kg, MICT = 1.53 kg), UBS (HIIT = 0.53 kg, MICT = 0.53 kg), IL-10 (HIIT = 0.63 pg/mL, MICT = 0.38 pg/mL), and adiponectin (HIIT = 0.23 ng/mL, MICT = 0.1 ng/mL) compared to baseline. The changes in BM, FM, TNF-α, leptin, and LBS were significantly greater in HIIT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that compared to the often-recommended MICT, HIIT may be a more beneficial exercise therapy for the improvement of inflammation, body composition and LBS in BCS; and consequently, merits long-term study

The purpose of present study was to investigate the impacts of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on adiponectin resting levels of sedentary men. Forty-four sedentary students were randomly assigned to one of four groups: endurance training (ET; 22 ± 0.89 yr, n=12), resistance training (RT, 21 ± 1.57 yr, n=9), concurrent training (CT, 21.38 ± 2.6 yr, n=14) and control group (CG, n=10). After primary measurements, blood samples were drawn with subjects in fasting and resting state for determination of the basic level of adiponectin. The subjects participated in E, R and C training for 8 weeks. The ET group ran 3d/w at 65-85 % of maximum heart rate. The exercise training session for the RT group consisted of 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions of weight training exercise that increase progressively, and repeated 3 sessions per week. The CT group trained exactly the sum of ET and RT groups. Correlated samples t-test and ANOVA were used. The results of the present study showed that after the eight-week training, the adiponectin levels of subjects increased in 3 groups of training but this increase was not signifi cant. The level of adiponectin in CT group increased more than in ET and RT groups. Also, there were no signifi cant differences in content of adiponectin among groups. In general, slight increases in adiponectin levels in training groups especially in CT group may indicate the most potential of CT group in increasing the levels of adiponectin in sedentary men. However more researches are needed to identify the effects of concurrent training (Tab. 4, Ref. 27).

Background: Exercise is considered to improve metabolic markers in type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared in ammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to a different mode of highintensity interval training in patients with T2DM.Methods and Results: 59 T2DM patients (age= 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n=15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=16), HIIT+ST (n=15) or served as control (CON) (n=13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions.All training protocols ameliorated antioxidant factors (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities), lipid pro le (TC, TG, HDL and, LDL,) and glycemic parameters. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signi cantly decreased in three training groups; however, these change was more pronounced in the ST+HIIT group. As a result of training, the overall concentration of in ammatory and antioxidant status was improved signi cantly in all three groups than the CON group and baseline values (P≤ 0.05).Moreover, non-substantial differences were found among groups on and measured glycemic variables.Conclusions: Our results showed improvement in in ammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycolytic indices in all groups regardless of their type. However, for more bene ts in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.

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‫كومش‬-‫جلد‬ 22 ‫شماره‬ ، 2 ‫(پياپی‬ 78 ،) ‫بهار‬ 1399 Introduction: Vaspin is a new adipokine which is a member of serine protease inhibitor family and might improve insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent training (aerobic and resistance) on vaspin, and C-reactive protein levels in middle-aged sedentary obese men. Materials and Methods: 20 sedentary obese men (age: 50.7 ± 2.1 years, the percent of body fat (BF): 31.10 ± 1.80, weight: 93.53 ± 5.22 kg, BMI: 30.88 ± 1.22 kg/m2) were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Training consisted of a combination of endurance training (10-34 minutes and intensity 50-75% of maximum heart rate) and resistance training (1-2 set with 10-12 repetitions and intensity of 50-75 percent one repetition maximum) for 12 weeks and three sessions per week with 48 hours' rest between sessions. Blood samples were gathered after 12 hours of fasting and 48 hours after the last training program. Results: Vaspin levels decreased significantly in the experimental group. The weight, BMI, and BF decreased 4.2%, 4.7, 7.6%, respectively, and also insulin resistance decreased 7.1% in the exercise group than the control group. There was no significant relationship between vaspin changes and anthropometric indices, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: In conclusion, vaspin serum concentration is decreased in parallel with the decline in the weight, and insulin sensitivity following the combined aerobic and resistance exercise.