Background: Exercise is considered to improve metabolic markers in type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared in ammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to a different mode of highintensity interval training in patients with T2DM.Methods and Results: 59 T2DM patients (age= 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n=15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=16), HIIT+ST (n=15) or served as control (CON) (n=13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions.All training protocols ameliorated antioxidant factors (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities), lipid pro le (TC, TG, HDL and, LDL,) and glycemic parameters. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signi cantly decreased in three training groups; however, these change was more pronounced in the ST+HIIT group. As a result of training, the overall concentration of in ammatory and antioxidant status was improved signi cantly in all three groups than the CON group and baseline values (P≤ 0.05).Moreover, non-substantial differences were found among groups on and measured glycemic variables.Conclusions: Our results showed improvement in in ammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycolytic indices in all groups regardless of their type. However, for more bene ts in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.

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Muscle contraction stimulates a transient change of myogenic factors, partly related to the mode of contractions. Here, we assessed the response of IGF-1Ea, IGF-1Eb, IGF-1Ec, PGC1α-1, PGC1α-4, and myostatin to the eccentric Vs. the concentric contraction in human skeletal muscle. Ten healthy males were performed an acute eccentric and concentric exercise bout (n = 5 per group). For each contraction type, participants performed 12 sets of 10 repetitions knee extension by the dominant leg. Baseline and post-exercise muscle biopsy were taken 4 weeks before and immediately after experimental sessions from Vastus Lateralis muscle. Genes expression was measured by real-time PCR technique. There was a significant increase in PGC1α-1, PGC1α-4, IGF-1Ea and, IGF-1Eb mRNA after concentric contraction (p ≤ 0.05), while the PGC1α-4 and IGF-1Ec significantly increased after eccentric contraction (p ≤ 0.05). It is intriguing to highlight that; no significant differences between groups were evident for changes in any variables following exercise bouts (p ≥ 0.05). Our results found that concentric and eccentric contractions presented different responses in PGC1α-1, IGF-1Ea, IGF-1Eb, and IGF-1Ec mRNA. However, a similar significant increase in mRNA content was observed in PGC1α-4. Further, no apparent differences could be found between the response of genes to eccentric and concentric contraction