Inflammatory, antioxidant and glycemic status to different mode of high-intensity training in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Exercise is considered to improve metabolic markers in type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared in ammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to a different mode of highintensity interval training in patients with T2DM.Methods and Results: 59 T2DM patients (age= 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n=15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=16), HIIT+ST (n=15) or served as control (CON) (n=13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions.All training protocols ameliorated antioxidant factors (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities), lipid pro le (TC, TG, HDL and, LDL,) and glycemic parameters. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signi cantly decreased in three training groups; however, these change was more pronounced in the ST+HIIT group. As a result of training, the overall concentration of in ammatory and antioxidant status was improved signi cantly in all three groups than the CON group and baseline values (P≤ 0.05).Moreover, non-substantial differences were found among groups on and measured glycemic variables.Conclusions: Our results showed improvement in in ammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycolytic indices in all groups regardless of their type. However, for more bene ts in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.

Effectiveness of Resistance Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…After duplicated articles were removed and analyzed by title and abstract, a total of 57 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 13 [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] were included in the systematic re-view, and 11 RCTs [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36] were included for the meta-analysis on CRP levels (Fig. 1).…”

“…Although the resistance exercise protocols were different across the intervention groups, the training length was set between 60 and 75 minutes, with a frequency of two to three ses- [26][27][28][29]31,33,34,36], four studies only included lower or upper limbs [24,25,30,32], and one study did not report the protocol [35]. Resistance exercise was performed using calisthenic exercises [26][27][28]34,36], dumbbells [24][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33]35,36], and machines [24][25][26][27][28]30,[34][35][36]. However, it was not reported to the rest of the groups [29,[31][32][33].…”

“…The CRP values were evaluated in 11 [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36] out 13 included studies. Six studies measured TNF-α values [24,26,28,29,35,36], five studies measured IL-6 [26,28,29,35,36], and two studies reported IL-10 values [26,35].…”

“…The CRP values were evaluated in 11 [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]36] out 13 included studies. Six studies measured TNF-α values [24,26,28,29,35,36], five studies measured IL-6 [26,28,29,35,36], and two studies reported IL-10 values [26,35]. Overall, inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed according to the clinical standards of the laboratory or the manufacturer's guidelines with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).…”

“…When the RoB2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias, nine out of 11 studies scored at 'low risk of bias' [24][25][26][27]29,31,33,35,36], and four scored at 'some concerns' [28,30,32,34]. The risk of bias assessment is displayed in Supplementary Fig.…”