Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of the plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical therapy by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with active ingredient difenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and as control are soaking fungicides. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. The seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on the Fusarium infection level, which was higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%. Meanwhile, for Curvularia and Aspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
Deforestation that occurs causes a decrease in soil fertility. Knowing soil fertility in the landscape will provide information on land management. The nature of the soil differs from one point to another, therefore it is necessary to map the properties of the soil. The purpose of this study is to map the distribution of the properties of forest land in areas that have been degraded. The land is a former privately-owned oil palm plantation in the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) forest. The study uses a continuous grid interpolation method, thus forming polygons of soil properties. The soil types are Inseptisol an Ultisol. The results of the study show that most of them belong to the type of soil that is finely textured so that erosion can easily occur if surface runoff occurs in areas that have been exposed. The soil water content range that has the widest area is the range 26.98 - 29.50% with an area of 14.38 ha (42.91% of the research area). The range of land capacity has the widest area, namely the range 42.24 - 49.32% with an area of 13.32 ha (39.76% of the research area). Low organic matter content and acidic soil pH. Based on the results of these studies, the land in the research area is less fertile. However, restoration efforts are very possible because many tree species are adaptive with low soil fertility.
Abstrak:Pencarian data curah hujan dan suhu Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat dimaksudkan agar dalam pendayagunaan lahan yang digunakan sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan lahan di Kabupaten Majalengka berdasarkan curah hujan dan suhu serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian antara penggunaan penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif Pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan berupa data curah hujan dan suhu serta komoditas unggulan di daerah Majalengka, Jawa Barat. Selama periode tahun 2010-2019 data curah hujan di Kabupaten Majalengka dengan curah hujan tahunan terendah yaitu sebesar 1.457 mm/tahun yang terjadi pada tahun 2019 dan tertinggi sebesar yaitu sebesar 7.170 mm/tahun pada tahun 2014 periode tahun 2010-2019 rata-rata suhu Kabupaten Majalengka yaitu 27°C hingga 27.7°C. Suhu udara dan curah hujan tersebut masih cocok untuk tanaman-tanaman seperti padi sawah, jagung, kacang kedelai padi sawah, jagung dan kacang kedelai. Kata Kunci: evaluasi kemampuan lahan, curah hujan, suhu, Majalengka, komoditas unggul The search for rainfall and temperature data in Majalengka Regency, West Java is intended to make use of the land in accordance with its capabilities. The purpose of this study is to find out about the ability of land in Majalengka Regency based on rainfall and temperature and evaluate the suitability between land use in the form of superior commodity crops and land capability that has been determined. This study uses data search or searching methods, in the search method there are two ways, namely by linear search and binary search. In this study using material in the form of rainfall and temperature data and leading commodities in the majalengka area, west Java. During the 2010-2019 period rainfall data in Majalengka Regency with the lowest annual rainfall was 1,457 mm / year which occurred in 2019 and the highest amounted to 7,170 mm / year in 2014 the period 2010-2019 the average temperature of the Regency Majalengka is 27 ° C to 27.7 ° C. The temperature and rainfall are still suitable for plants such as lowland rice, corn, soybean, lowland rice, corn and soybeans.
Mango is a climacteric fruit that can increase in maturity after harvest. As a result, mangoes will rot more easily because they are infected with pathogens such as fungi. The objectives of the study were to identify, examine the pathogenicity, and virulence of the fungus that causes postharvest disease in mangoes. Sampling of mangoes was carried out at the Pal market, Cimanggis, Depok by selecting fruits that were indicated to be infected with post-harvest diseases. Symptoms that appear are then described visually. Isolation of the fungus was carried out from the part of the mango fruit on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, then it was identified morphologically both macroscopically and microscopically. The virulence test was carried out by inoculating the fungus at 4 inoculation points of mango fruit. The results showed that the symptoms that appeared were symptoms of anthracnose in the form of blackish brown, sunken, and widespread spots on the mango skin. The results of morphological identification showed that the associated fungus was Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes which was characterized by white fungal colonies and fast growth, while the condia were cylindrical in shape with rounded ends. Confirmation results with Koch's postulates showed that postharvest anthracnose in mangoes was caused by C. gloeosporiodes. Meanwhile, virulence testing showed that C. gloeosporiodes had moderate to high virulence levels with symptomatic lesions ranging from 2,50 to 5,85 cm.
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