ABSTRAKCendawan endofit adalah cendawan yang mengoloni jaringan tanaman sehat tanpa menimbulkan gejala penyakit. Cendawan endofit banyak dilaporkan bersimbiosis secara mutualisme dengan inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi cendawan endofit nonpatogen dan menguji pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan bibit cabai. Isolasi cendawan endofit dilakukan dari bagian akar, batang, dan cabang tanaman cabai. Selanjutnya bagian tanaman tersebut disterilikan, ditanam pada malt extract agar 10%. Isolat cendawan endofit diuji untuk perkecambahan benih cabai. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan benih cabai pada biakan cendawan endofit berumur 4-7 hari. Cendawan endofit yang berasal dari Garut dan Bogor ialah sebanyak 138 isolat. Berdasarkan morfologi koloninya cendawan endofit dibedakan menjadi 9 morfotipe. Sebanyak 13.04% dari total isolat yang diperoleh bersifat nonpatogen, di antaranya menyebabkan pertumbuhan bibit sama dengan kontrol (7.25%) serta pertumbuhan bibit lebih baik daripada kontrol (5.79%). Cendawan endofit yang memiliki potensi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman diidentifikasi sebagai Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicilium sp., hifa steril 1, 2, dan 3.Kata kunci: morfotipe, pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, uji patogenisitas ABSTRACT Endophytic fungi is fungi that colonize and cause asymptomatic infections in healthy plant tissues. Endophytic fungi have been reported to have mutual symbiosis with their host. This research aimed to obtain nonpathogenic isolates of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and branches of chili pepper. Endophytic fungi were isolated on 10% malt extract agar (MEA) after serial surface sterilization of plant parts. The effect of endophytic fungi on the development of chili pepper seeds were tested by growing seeds on media containing endophytic fungi isolate. As many as 138 isolates of endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from chili pepper plants from Garut and Bogor. Based on colony morphology the isolates can be differentiated into 9 morphotypes. Among the total isolates, 13.04% are nonpathogenic. Some of them (7,25%) do not effect seedling significantly compared to control and some isolates (5.79%) caused better seedling growth than control. Endophytic fungi having the potential to promote plant growth was identified as Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., sterile hyphae 1, 2, and 3.
Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of the plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical therapy by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with active ingredient difenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and as control are soaking fungicides. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. The seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on the Fusarium infection level, which was higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%. Meanwhile, for Curvularia and Aspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
ABSTRAKPenyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici merupakan penyakit penting pada pertanaman cabai. Sebanyak 8 cendawan endofit yang telah diisolasi dan lolos uji patogenisitas, diuji potensinya sebagai agens hayati penyakit busuk batang pada bibit cabai. Suspensi cendawan endofit diinokulasikan sebanyak 2 kali, yaitu dengan perendaman 100 butir benih dalam 100 mL suspensi dan penyiraman 10 mL suspensi per bibit cabai berumur 3 minggu setelah semai. Konsentrasi cendawan endofit yang digunakan ialah 2.8 × 10 6 cfu mL -1. Insidensi penyakit dan nilai area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) dihitung selama 4 minggu setelah inokulasi P. capsici. Uji penghambatan pertumbuhan P. capsici dilakukan secara in vitro dan kemampuan kolonisasi cendawan endofit diamati pada bibit cabai umur 4 minggu. Delapan galur cendawan endofit menunjukkan penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan P. capsici secara in vitro, di antaranya Penicillium galur MAG1 dan Penicillium galur PAB2 menunjukkan mekanisme antibiosis. Cendawan endofit memiliki kemampuan mengolonisasi pada akar (26-60%) lebih besar daripada batang (20-40%). Fusarium galur MAGR1 merupakan galur yang paling besar tingkat kolonisasinya dibandingkan dengan galur cendawan endofit lainnya, yaitu sebesar 60%. Pada pengujian secara in vivo diperoleh enam cendawan endofit (Fusarium galur MAGR1, Penicillium galur MAG1, Penicillium galur PAB2, hifa steril HAJ1, hifa steril HAJ2, dan hifa steril PBG7) yang berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang dengan penekanan sebesar 25.5-35.5%.Kata kunci: agens hayati, antibiosis, Capsicum annum, kolonisasi akar ABSTRACT Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi in the suspension was 2.8 × 10 6 cfu mL -1 . The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the
Cabai adalah salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang banyak ditanam di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cabai adalah dengan menggunakan mikroba yang bermanfaat, seperti pertumbuhan tanaman yang mempromosikan rhizobacteria. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dari akar babadotan pada perkecambahan biji cabai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi biakan PGPR, yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Aplikasi PGPR dilakukan melalui perendaman biji cabai selama 12 jam. Biji yang telah dirawat dengan bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kemudian ditanam pada media tanah dan media kertas untuk mengamati gejala nekrotik, perkecambahan, panjang akar, dan panjang kanopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan konsentrasi 5% menunjukkan potensi sebagai pendorong pertumbuhan biji cabai yang ditandai dengan peningkatan daya kecambah, peningkatan panjang akar dan tinggi kecambah.
<p>The demand for rice as an important food crop in Indonesia is still constrained by the attack of blast disease caused by <em>Pyricularia grisea</em>. Controlling using synthetic chemical pesticides has a negative impact on the environment so that the use of biological agents is an alternative option. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of several biological agents against the pathogen <em>P. grisea</em> that causes blast disease in rice plants in vitro. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 levels of treatment and was repeated 3 times using the dooble culture method. The results of the study showed that the inhibition of <em>P. grisea</em> was the highest in the treatment of <em>P. grisea</em> × <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. and <em>P. grisea</em> × <em>Gliocladium</em> sp. namely 67.04% and 51.85% compared to other treatments. The <em>P. polymyxa</em> and <em>P. fluorescence</em> treatments showed low inhibition, namely 23.70% and 28.89%. Biological agents <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. and <em>Gliocladium</em> sp. able to inhibit the growth of the fungus <em>P. grisea</em>. Each biological agent has a different percentage of inhibition in that caused by the inhibitory mechanism of the biological agent.</p>
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