Spironolactone is statistically superior to eplerenone in improving BCVA of patients with CSCR, while both drugs can be considered equally effective in promoting the reabsorption of SRF.

Purpose To report outcome of eyes with recalcitrant and naive eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex) injection. Methods Retrospective multicenter data analysis of eyes with DME treated with Ozurdex implant and with minimum follow-up of at least one year after the first implant. Data collected included demographic details, history of presenting illness, past treatment history, clinical examination details including visual acuity at presentation, and follow-up with imaging and treatment details. Paired sample t-test was used to measure mean differences between pre-and postimplant values obtained at baseline and last follow-up. Results A total of 79 eyes (62 subjects) were included. Sixty-four eyes had been previously treated; 15 eyes were naive. Among the previously treated eyes, mean interval between first Ozurdex injection and any previous treatment was 7.69 ± 8.2 months. In naive eyes, the visual acuity improved from baseline 0.58 ± 0.25 to 0.44 ± 0.33 logMAR at last follow-up (P = 0.05). In eyes that had been previously treated, the improvement was from 0.65 ± 0.34 at baseline to 0.48 ± 0.35 logMAR (P = 0.01). Mean treatment-free interval was 6.5 ± 4.5 months. Nine eyes were steroid responder with controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), none showed any spike in IOP during the followup period. Conclusions Ozurdex implant could be a good alternative for recalcitrant as well as naive eyes with DME. The visual gain after initial implant injection was fairly maintained, with additional treatment usually after 6 months in naive eyes. Ozurdex appeared safe even in steroid responders with good control of IOP with antiglaucoma medications.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy as a primary therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy is safe and efficacious, without any serious adverse events.

Retinal astrocytic hamartoma can be classified into four morphologic groups, based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. There are important systemic tuberous sclerosis complex correlations with each class.

Antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy appears to be safe and efficacious in CNVs secondary to laser photocoagulation and PDT. Choroidal neovascularizations secondary to PDT appear to be more resistant to antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy than those because of laser photocoagulation and required additional PDT.

The aim the study was to describe wide-field spectral-domain optical coherence tomography morphologic relationships of the vitreous, retina, and choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) eyes. Standardized horizontal, vertical, and two oblique (supertemporal to inferonasal and supranasal to inferotemporal) SD-OCT sections were collected for 40 patient with CSCR. For extramacular imaging, images were obtained from eight locations: (1) nasal to the optic disk, (2) extreme nasal periphery, (3) superior to the superotemporal vascular arcade, (4) extreme superior periphery, (5) inferior to the inferotemporal vascular arcade, (6) extreme inferior periphery, (7) temporal to the macula, and (8) extreme temporal periphery. Wide-angle montage images of OCT from equator to equator were composed with a montaging software. Average subfoveal choroidal thickness was 478 ± 114 µm (range 232-695 µm) at the macular level, 367 ± 94 µm in the superior periphery, 257 ± 103 µm in the inferior periphery, 431 ± 121 and 280 ± 88 µm in the nasal and in the temporal periphery, respectively. Wide-field EDI-OCT revealed a relative thinning of the inner choroidal layer in the periphery, including the small and medium large vessels, which ranged from 86 µm nasally to 120.1 µm superiorly, with a mean of 98.8 ± 13.6 µm. Beneath the thinned inner choroidal layer, hyporeflective lumina, corresponding to the outer choroidal layer, were identified in the periphery of all eyes. The outer choroidal layer thickness ranged from 175.5 µm temporally to 235.5 µm superiorly, with a mean of 217.8 ± 41.4 µm. The novel approach of montaging SD-OCT images to examine relationships between the choroid, retina, and associated structures adjacent to and outside of the macula may have a number of relevant applications in the study of pathologic features of central serous chorioretinopathy.

Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy is a disease that involves the outer retinal layers with lipofuscin deposits and serous detachment of the neuroepithelium with or without intraretinal cysts. Not much is known about the etiology and pathogenesis, and not many cases have been described. A review of the few clinical cases reported in the literature does not show a specific correspondence between etiology and SD-OCT findings.

The novel approach of montaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography images to examine relationships between the choroid, retina, and associated structures adjacent to and outside of the macula may have a number of relevant applications in the study of vitreoretinal interface, paramacular and macular pathologic features.