Statice is an important cut flower belonging to the Plumbaginaceae family and which has good acceptance among producers and consumers. The construction of a phenological scale for statice that is easy, fast, and non-destructive can contribute to the improvement of management practices, increase flower yield and quality, increase the knowledge on the plant and facilitate the communication between the scientific and technical personnel. Field and greenhouse experiments with seven sowing dates were carried out during 2019 and 2020 at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with Assorted Seeds (mix) and two cultivars (QIS Purple and QIS Yellow) of statice to describe the main stages of plant development. The developmental cycle of statice was divided into three phases: germination, vegetative and reproductive. The germination phase includes the stages S0, S1, S2 and SE, the vegetative phase comprises the stages VC,
Resumo: a physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) é uma solanácea de grande valor nutricional e econômico que aos poucos está sendo incorporada ao cultivo de pequenas frutas de sabor exótico no Brasil. Para melhorar o desenvolvimento da planta e aumentar a produtividade e foram testados três sistemas de tutoramento (em “X”, “Y” e “V”) além da testemunha qualidade dos frutos, utilizam-se algumas práticas de manejo, tais como tutoramento e podas. Neste trabalho (livre desenvolvimento). O objetivo foi avaliar o sistema de tutoramento mais adequados para o desenvolvimento vegetativo (medido através do plastocrono), produtividade (através de determinações de massa dos frutos com e sem cálice e diâmetro dos frutos) e qualidade de frutos (através do pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis, firmeza de polpa e colorimetria). Para determinações do desenvolvimento foi instalado um experimento de campo no setor de Horticultura da UFSM, região central do Rio Grande do Sul. As determinações de produtividade e qualidade foram realizadas a partir dos frutos produzidos neste experimento. O plastocrono é afetado pelo número de hastes mantidas na planta, sendo maior no tutoramento em X. Para maiores produtividades recomenda-se o tutoramento em X e para melhor qualidade de frutos o tutoramento em Y.
Vernalization, natural or artificial, is a physiological requirement of some plants to meet the need for low temperatures for its complete development to occur. The objective of this article is to describe a protocol of transforming a domestic refrigerator into a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) prototype aimed at vernalizing propagating materials statice crop. The first step is to install a temperature controller to maintain a constant temperature inside the refrigerator (10 °C). Thinking of seedling vernalization, it is still necessary to install a system of lights inside the refrigerator. The control of the time that the lights remain on inside the prototype is carried out by installing a Timer adjusted so that the lights remained on, uninterruptedly, for 10 hours. To test the effective ness of the prototype, an on-farm experiment was carried out with the statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) crop at 5 locations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The seedlings were vernalized at an internal temperature of 10 °C and photoperiod of 10 hours for 3 weeks. The duration of this experiment was 8 months and at the end of this observed that statice plants were correctly vernalized because the plants emitted flower stems and showed satisfactory development throughout the growing cycle. Therefore, that the adaptation of a domestic refrigerator as a BOD economically viable and easy mounting prototype is possible. Being an excellent alternative to small producers.
White mold is a disease with a wide distribution worldwide. Temperatures between 18-23 °C and high humidity conditions favor the occurrence of the pathogen. For the control of the disease it is fundamental to understand the morphology and pathogenicity of the fungus. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and pathogenic characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Sclerodes were disinfested, placed in the center of plates containing culture medium and incubated under controlled conditions. The evaluations were performed daily, during a period of 30 days, from the incubation of sclerotia. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four plaques per isolate, each plate one replicate. The characteristics evaluated for the mycelium characterization were: time required for the fungus to occupy the plate; density of the formed mycelium; coloration of the colonies and mycelial growth rate. Scleroderma assessments were based on training or not; time for formation of the first sclerodium; total amount formed per plate; Format; distribution in the colony and weight. The isolates were pathogenically characterized by the methodology of inoculation of the detached leaf. All data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Skott-Knott test, at 1% probability. The evaluated populations presented wide variability for the studied characteristics. It was not possible to verify the existence of common groups that could be related to the origin of the isolates, due to the high genetic diversity. The isolates showed different levels of aggressiveness, the two being more aggressive LF02 and LF06.
In recent years, consumers have shown interest in the ornamental use of some fruits that were previously used mainly for food purposes. However, the use of ‘mini-pumpkins’ for ornamentation can be limited by post-harvest aspects, such as skin depigmentation, fresh mass losses, ethylene production and respiration, which compromise the visual quality of the product, resulting in the loss of its ornamental value. The objective was to evaluate the effect of films application (control, carnauba wax, cassava starch and corn starch) in post-harvest of ornamental mini-pumpkins, aiming the shelf life prolongation (experiment 1) and reduction of ethylene production and respiration (experiment 2). The results obtained in experiment 1 pointed to lower mass loss and maintenance of the ornamental mini-pumpkins epidermis color with the application of carnauba wax film. In experiment 2, the application of carnauba wax and the ethylene action inhibitor (1-MCP) did not and respiration production of mini-pumpkins, suggesting that ethylene is not involved in the modifications that occur in the product during the time of exposure to the environment.
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